典型社区家庭消费碳排放特征与影响因素——以北京市为例

家庭消费碳排放是中国碳排放总量的重要组成部分，已成为碳排放增长的主要驱动力，从消费角度研究家庭碳排量特征及影响因素对家庭碳减排和低碳社区建设有重要意义。使用碳排放系数法和消费者生活方式法计算北京市5种典型社区家庭消费月均碳排量，通过最优尺度回归和多重比较分析对不同社区家庭碳排放影响因素进行探究。研究发现：北京市5种社区户均碳排放总量及构成差异显著，影响因素不一致。其中：（1）平房类社区家庭直接碳排量732.26 kgCO₂/月高于其他社区，燃煤取暖是平房社区家庭直接碳排放高的主要因素，单位社区、政策性住房社区和商品房社区家庭直接碳排量较低，约50.00 kgCO₂/月。家庭类型显著影响每个社区家庭直接碳排量，家庭积极参与节能环保活动有利于减少家庭直接碳排放；（2）商品房社区家庭间接碳排量最高，达3879.06 kgCO₂/月，平房类社区家庭最低，间接碳排量仅为商品房社区的1/3，间接碳排放是家庭生活消费碳排放的主体。食品和居住消费产生的间接碳排量较高，老龄化社区家庭医疗保健消费碳排量更高；（3）家庭类型和月总收入对所有社区家庭间接碳排量影响显著，但社区环保工作满意度、社区环境满意度、家庭节能环保活动参与度、耐用品使用年限等因素影响程度存在差异，胡同社区和平房类社区中受教育水平高的家庭产生的间接碳排量更高，需积极灌输环保理念。进一步分析了主要影响因素在不同水平下对应的家庭碳排量差异程度与变化规律，有助于社区管理者识别高碳排家庭，为社区低碳管理提供新思路。

Characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emission from typical community household consumption: a case of Beijing

Carbon emissions from household consumption are an important component of China''s total carbon emissions and have become the main driving force for the growth of carbon emissions. Studying the characteristics and influencing factors of household carbon emissions from the perspective of consumption is of great significance for household carbon emissions reduction and low-carbon community construction. The carbon emissions coefficient method and consumer lifestyle analysis were used in this paper to calculate the monthly average carbon emissions of five typical community households in Beijing. Through the optimal scale regression and multiple comparative analysis, we explored the influencing factors of carbon emissions of households in different communities. The results showed that there were significant differences in the total amount and composition of monthly carbon emissions among the five communities in Beijing, and the influencing factors of monthly carbon emissions among the five communities are inconsistent. (1) The bungalow community has higher direct carbon emissions than other communities, reaching 732.26 kgCO₂/month and coal-fired heating being a main factor. The direct carbon emission of unit community, policy housing community, and commercial housing community households is low with about 50.00 kgCO₂/month. The family type significantly affects the direct carbon emissions in each community household, as well as the active participation of households in energy conservation and environmental protection activities is conducive to reducing household direct carbon emissions; (2) The highest indirect carbon emission of households is commercial housing community, which is 3879.06 kgCO₂/month, and the lowest carbon dioxide emission of bungalow community is 1076.66 kgCO₂/month, indirect carbon emissions are the mainstay of carbon emissions from household consumption. Food and residential indirect carbon emissions are the two highest proportions of total indirect carbon emissions, and the elderly community households have higher carbon emissions from health care consumption; (3) Family type and total monthly income have significant impact on indirect carbon emissions of all community households, while the differences in the influence extent of such factors as the satisfaction of community environmental protection work, community environmental satisfaction, family participation in energy conservation and environmental protection activities, and the service life of durable goods were identified. In the Hutong community and the bungalow community, highly educated families have higher indirect carbon emissions and need to be actively instilled in the concept of low-carbon environmental protection. Our research further analyzed the extent and variation of the corresponding household carbon emissions at different levels, so as to help community managers identify high-carbon households and provide new ideas for community low-carbon management.