白洋淀湿地生态功能评价及分区

白洋淀湿地在雄安新区建设过程中具有重要生态安全保障作用。开展白洋淀湿地生态功能评价及分区研究,为生态环境治理和保护提供科学依据,是当前普遍关切和急需解决的问题之一。面向白洋淀湿地生态保护和管理的需求,在明确白洋淀自然环境特征和主要生态环境问题的基础上,结合外业调查、遥感、综合评价等方法,从水产品供给功能、水生植物供给功能、气候调节功能、生物多样性维护功能、水质改善功能5个方面评价了白洋淀湿地生态系统服务功能重要性,从水污染敏感性、湿地变化敏感性、重要自然与文化价值敏感性3个方面评价了白洋淀湿地生态系统敏感性。基于评价结果,将白洋淀湿地初步划分为7个一级生态功能区和19个二级生态功能区。在分区方法方面体现了白洋淀湿地人地关系动态特征,分区结果注重现状与历史相结合,有助于服务未来淀区生态保护规划决策实施。建议在实施白洋淀生态环境治理和保护过程中,依据白洋淀湿地生态功能分区特征,实行分区管制,制定对应的生态环境治理和保护措施。

Ecological function evaluation and regionalization in Baiyangdian Wetland

Baiyangdian Wetland is located in Xiong''an New Area, with important ecological functions and special strategic position. For a long time, the Baiyangdian Wetland has gradually shrunk and even dried up under the combined effects of human activities and climate change. It is of great significance to study the carrying capacity of ecological and environmental in the Xiong''an New Area by understanding the ecological function and regionalization of the Baiyangdian Wetland ecosystem. This is one of the current widespread concerns and urgent problems to be solved. In order to meet the needs of ecological protection and management of Baiyangdian Wetland, this study evaluated and regionalized the ecological functions by combining methods of field survey, remote sensing, and comprehensive evaluation. Images of Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI in 1975-2018 and GF-2 PMS in 2017 and 2018 were acquired to analyze land use/land cover change. Firstly, on the basis of clarifying characteristics of natural environment and main ecological problems of Baiyangdian wetland, the indicators system was constructed for evaluating ecosystem service function and ecological sensitivity. Secondly, the ecosystem service functions were evaluated from five aspects:supplying of aquatic products, supplying of aquatic plants, climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance, and improvement of water quality. The ecosystem sensitivities were evaluated from three aspects:water pollution, wetland changes as well as importance of natural and cultural values. Finally, based on results of evaluation, the Baiyangdian Wetland was initially regionalized into seven first-level ecoregions and nineteen second-level ecoregions. We combined ecological processes and impacts of human activities into ecological regionalization, reflecting the dynamic characteristics of human-land relationships in Baiyangdian Wetland. The results covered spatial and temporal characteristics of the ecological environment, which could help manager to make decisions for the ecological protection planning in the future. We suggested that regionalization-oriented measures should be formulated according to the ecoregions characteristics in the process of implementing project of ecological environment protection and management in Baiyangdian Wetland.