基于生态系统服务提升的山水林田湖草优先区分析——以贵州省为例

山水林田湖草作为生命共同体，其生态保护与修复必须以生态系统服务功能提升为导向，而且需要考虑生态系统本身脆弱性，协调好保护与发展的关系。因此，生态保护与修复工程必须从整体统筹考虑，解决生态系统及要素分割管理的问题。研究以贵州省为案例区，通过对生态系统服务和景观脆弱度分析，得到生态系统服务重要性的空间分布，确定需要生态修复的重点流域；进一步从生态保护与经济发展角度，辨析保护与发展的冲突区。结果表明，贵州省的生态系统服务能力空间差异显著，水源涵养能力在贵州东部和东南较高；土壤保持能力东南和西北部较高；生物多样性服务在贵州省西南、东南、东北部较高。景观脆弱度在都柳江流域、赤水河流域最高，生态重要性高的区域主要在都柳江流域最高。生态保护与经济发展冲突分析结果表明，生态保护与经济发展在贵州省西北和东南部存在较多的冲突区，是保护与修复的优先区域。并以乌蒙山片区山水林田湖草优先区为案例区，进一步分析生态功能、生态问题，修复措施和工程特点。本思路既体现了山水林田湖草的完整性，又体现了生态恢复的优先性，为山地地区生态保护修复工程实施与决策管理提供参考。

Priority area of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands based on the improvement of ecosystem services: a case study of Guizhou Province

Mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands as a life community, its ecological protection and restoration should be guided by the improvement of ecosystem service function, and the ecosystem fragility should be taken into account. At the same time, we need to coordinate the relationship between protection and development. Therefore, the ecological protection and restoration projects should be considered as a whole to solve the segmented management of ecological elements. Taking Guizhou Province as a case study, the spatial distribution of the importance of ecosystem services was obtained through analysis of ecosystem services and landscape vulnerability, and the key watersheds for restoration were selected. Then the conflict areas between protection and development were identified from the perspective of the ecological protection and economic development. The results showed that there were significant spatial differences in ecosystem service capacity in Guizhou Province. Water conservation capacity was higher in eastern and southeastern Guizhou Province; soil conservation capacity was higher in southeast and northwest Guizhou Province; biodiversity level was higher in southwest, southeast and northeast Guizhou. Landscape fragility was the highest in the Duliujiang River Basin and Chishui River Basin, and the ecological importance was the highest in the Duliujiang River Basin. The distribution of ecological protection and economic development showed that there were conflict zones between ecological protection and economic development in northwest and southeast Guizhou, which is the priority area for protection and restoration. Taking Wumeng Mountain area as an example, its ecological functions, ecological problems, restoration measures, and engineering characteristics were analyzed. The identification of key ecological restoration areas reflects not only the integrity of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands, but also the priority of ecological restoration. This study provides a reference for the implementation and decision-making management of ecological protection and restoration projects in mountainous areas.