宁德水产养殖区水质状况及驱动力分析

水产养殖对海岸带生态系统的水环境有显著影响,研究水产养殖地区的水质动态及其驱动力对海洋牧场建设和海岸带生态系统管理有着重要意义。以宁德为研究区域,基于2017年夏季和冬季水质监测和遥感影像等数据,通过地理信息系统技术和统计分析软件,分析了水产养殖区域的水质现状、水质变化和驱动力。结果表明,该海域水质处于重污染状态,富营养化水平较高。除了悬浮物和总磷之外,其他水质指标都呈现出显著的季节性差异,不同季节影响水质的因素也不相同。水质的季节性变化是初始水质状况、养殖活动和自然因素共同作用的结果。基于研究结果,笔者建议结合高分遥感技术对养殖区水面覆盖和利用进行监测,对养殖类型和行为(如饵料类型和投放方式)进行调控,开展水质长期监测和风险应急管理,保障海洋牧场社会经济效益的同时降低生态环境影响、防控生态和人体健康风险。

Analyses of water quality and driving forces in Ningde aquaculture area

Aquaculture has a substantial impact on water environment of coastal ecosystems. Research on water quality and its driving forces is critical to the construction of marine pastures and management of coastal ecosystems. This paper analyzed the water quality status, spatiotemporal dynamics, and driving forces of water quality change in Ningde aquaculture area through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology and statistical software, based on water quality monitoring data and remote sensing images in summer and winter of 2017. Our results indicated that the sea area was in a state of heavy pollution and high eutrophication level and the seasonal changes were significant in all other water quality indicators except suspended solids and total phosphorus. The factors affecting water quality in different seasons were also different. More importantly, the seasonal variation of water quality was the result of the interaction of initial water quality, human activities, and natural factors. Based on our research results, the authors suggest monitoring the surface use and cover of aquaculture areas by combining high-resolution remote sensing technology, regulating the aquaculture types and behaviors (such as bait types and delivery methods), carrying out long-term monitoring of water quality and risk assessment so as to reduce the environment impacts, prevent and control the environmental and human health risks, and ensure the long-term social and economic benefits of marine pastures.