汶川地震重灾区生态保护重要性评价与对策

开展生态保护重要性评价，鉴定生态保护重要地区是地震灾区恢复与重建的前提与基础。选取水土流失敏感性、生物多样性保护重要性以及水源涵养重要性这3个指标，评价了地震重灾区51个县（市区）的生态保护重要性。研究表明，生态保护极重要地区面积约为3．5×10^4km^2，约占整个研究区域面积的26．7％，主要分布于邛崃山系北部的汶川与四姑娘山地区，以及岷山山系的大部分地区；而生态保护重要地区面积约为4．6×10^4km^2，约占整个研究区域的34．5％，主要分布于评价区的西部与东北部；其余地区为生态保护一般地区。建议在灾后重建时对生态极重要地区进行严格保护，禁止开展大型开发建设活动，并控制这些地区的人口规模。另外，生态保护重要地区的开发活动应该受到限制。并通过开展生态补偿，结合正在实施的天然林保护、退耕还林与流域综合治理等生态工程措施，促进灾区生态功能的恢复。

Assessment of ecological protection importance for ecological conservation in Wenchuan Earthquake hard-hit disaster areas

Assessment of ecological protection importance and identification of important area for ecological protection is the basis for restoration and construction in earthquake hard-hit area. In this study, ecological protection importance in 51 counties of hard-bit disaster area was assessed based on previous research and three indicators including soil erosion sensitivity, biodiversity conservation importance, and water conservation importance. Results showed that highly important areas for ecological protection made up 26.7% of the total area of this region, with the total area of 35 thousands of km2. They were mainly distributed in Wenchuan and Siguanniang mountain in north Qionglai Mountains, and large area of Minshan Mountains. Important areas were mainly distributed in west and northeast of this region with the total area of 46 thousands of km2, accounting for 34.5% of the total area of the entire region. Measures including strict protection, ban of large scale of development and construction activities, and population control, should be taken in highly important areas. In important areas, development activities should be also restricted. These measures, together with ecological compensation and ongoing ecological engineering including Natural Forestry Conservation, Grain to Green, and Comprehensive Watershed Management, will facilitate the restoration of ecological services in this region.