陇中黄土高原农村经济结构变化对退耕还林(草)的响应

黄土高原退耕还林(草)政策的实施有效改善了区域生态环境,然而其对社会经济的影响存在明显的地域差异。以甘肃省定西市安定区近郊凤翔镇和远郊鲁家沟镇为例,采用重复测定方差分析、主响应曲线分析和相关分析等解析2镇1998—2015年农村经济结构及收入变化对退耕还林(草)政策实施的响应特征,确定退耕还林(草)政策实施驱动的土地利用变化与农村收入之间的关系。研究发现:(1)退耕还林(草)政策实施解释了2镇70.4%的农业收入结构差异,因政策的实施推动了小麦等夏粮作物向玉米、马铃薯等秋粮作物的转变,进而影响了农业收入结构的变化;(2)退耕还林(草)政策对农村经济结构的影响弱于对农业收入结构的影响,它解释了2镇54.1%的农村经济结构差异,近郊凤翔镇农村经济收入明显高于远郊鲁家沟镇。退耕还林(草)政策对以农业为主导产业的远郊鲁家沟镇农村经济结构影响相对较小,近郊凤翔镇工业、服务业和商业餐饮业等非农产业占农村经济总收入的比重随着农业收入比重的降低而有所提高;(3)退耕还林(草)政策的实施带动了该区种植业结构的转变,这在一定程度上缩小了凤翔镇和鲁家沟镇农村集体收入之间的差距;(4)退耕还林(草)政策实施过程中,梯田面积、玉米和马铃薯等秋粮作物种植面积的增加提高了农村居民纯收入。研究认为退耕还林(草)在实施过程中需考虑地域差异,依据区域经济发展状况进行相应调整,在推动种植业发展的同时还应兼顾林业、牧业和一些非农产业发展,最终实现生态环境恢复与农村经济的协调发展。

Long-term response of the rural economic structure changes between suburban and rural areas to Grain-for-Green Project in the Loess Plateau of central Gansu, Northwest China

The ecological environment has been substantially improved by the implementation of Grain-for-Green Project since 1999 in the Loess Plateau. However, there are some obviously regional differences in impacts of Grain-for-Green Project on rural social economy. In this study, Fengxiang (suburban) and Lujiagou (rural areas) towns in Dingxi City were selected as study areas. The data reflected the agricultural and rural income structure from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed by using the repeated ANOVA, spearman rank correlation, and principal response curve analysis to explore the response of changes of rural economic structure and income to Grain-for-Green Project, and to determine the relationship between land use change driven by Grain-for-Green Project and rural income. The results of this study showed that (1) the Grain-for-Green Project had an explanation of 70.4% variation for agricultural income structure of Fengxiang and Lujiagou towns. The planting structure has been changed from wheat to corn or potato by the implementation of Grain-for-Green Project, which led to the changes of the agricultural income structure. (2) The Grain-for-Green Project had an explanation of 54.1% variation on rural economic structure of Fengxiang and Lujiagou towns. The rural income of Fengxiang town was significantly higher than that of Lujiagou town. The influence that the Grain-for-Green Project to rural economic structure of Lujiagou town, which main industry is agriculture, was smaller than that of Fengxiang town, which the percentage of non-agricultural (such as industry, service industry, and commerce & catering industry) industries'' income in rural annual income has been increased with the reduction of agricultural percentage. (3) The planting structure has been changed by the implementation of Grain-for-Green Project, which has narrowed the income gap between Lujiagou and Fengxiang towns. (4) The increase of terrace area and the planting areas of corn and potato has increased the net income of rural residents. In view of these, when further performing the Grain-for-Green Project in the future, the status of local economic development with regional variations should be considered, the farmers should be taken part in the ecological management, and the forestry, stocking raising, and non-agricultural industries should be developed with the agricultural development to realize the harmonious development between ecological environment and rural economy in the west Loess Plateau.