河岸带研究及其退化生态系统的恢复与重建

河岸带是指水陆交界处的两边，直至河水影响消失为止的地带。河岸带是湿地的重要组成部分，在流域生态系统中发挥着重要的作用，具有较大的生态、社会、经济和旅游价值。河岸带研究以生态学、水文学和地貌学炎基础，涉及多种学科和技术方法。由于自然和人为因素的影响，退化河岸带的生态恢复与重建较为复杂，通过安徽潜山县潜水退化河岸带滩地近6a的生态恢复与重建试验，研究结果表明：恢复与重建后的河岸带滩地生态系统的生物多样性和稳定性增加；土训结构和养分条件得到改善，其中，小于0.002mm的粘粒含量的平均值由恢复前的4.53％，上升到恢复后的11.71％，土壤容重由恢复前的1.455g/cm^2下降到恢复后的1.2g/cm^2，土壤有机质的平均值由恢复前的1.25g/kg上升到恢复后的9.44g/kg；河滩地泥沙淤积量增加；植物抗风浪作用增强，有效地保护了河岸，改善了河岸带地区的小气候。河岸带研究在我国起步较晚，因此，今后应加强河岸带的管理和对退化河岸带生态系统的恢复与重建工作，使河岸带生态系统可持续地为人类提供丰富多样的生产、生活和观光旅游产品。

Study on riparian zone and the restoration and rebuilding of its degraded ecosystem

Riparian zone is the area extending from the two edges of a river to where the influence of the river disappears. As an important part of wetland,riparian zone functions as a corridor,a buffer zone and a revetment in the river valley ecosystem,and has a high ecological value,in addition to its social,economical and travel values. The study on riparian zone is based on ecology,hydrology and geomorphology,involving multiple disciplines and technology. it mainly studies riparian microclimate,creatures,groundwater,and the correlation between riparian zone and the mass and energy in the surrounding environment. The methodology used in the riparian zone study includes those in landscape ecology,remote sensing and geographic information system,natural geography,environmental science and restoration ecology. Most of the riparian zone and the wetlands therein have been impacted and are no longer fully functional. Changes in riparian vegetation may be driven by natural or human forces . There are numerous examples of natural forces that cause shifts in the composition of riparian vegetation including climate,geology,wind,floods,gravity,and disease. The restoration of degraded bottomland communities to more native species compositions is a complex and challenging problem. As shown in the six-year longitudinal study on ecosystem restoration and rebuilding carried out on the bottomland in Qianshui degraded riparian zone in Qianshan County,Anhui Province,the biological diversity and stability in the degraded riparian-ecosystem increased after the restoration and rebuilding .The soil structure and nutrient conditions was improved,with the mean of clay content less than 0.002mm rising from 4.53% before the restoration to 11.71% after restoration,the soil density decreasing from 1.455g/cm3 to 1.2g/cm3,and the mean of organic matter rising from 1.25g/kg to 9.44g/kg . In addition,the restoration and rebuilding resulted in the increase of the silt deposit on the bottomland and the reinforcement of plants' anti-storm ability. This,in consequence,effectively safeguarded the riparian zone and improved the microclimate in the riparian zone. In summary,there is abundant evidence that planting are successful in restoring riparian condition. The riparian vegetation plays a significant role in relation to soil erosion and channel stability. There is no simple answer on how to restore degraded riparian ecosystems .The challenge for the restorationist is to find a way to restore more desirable conditions. The study on riparian zone is quite new in China. This paper suggests the efforts in the administration of riparian zone and in the restoration and rebuilding of degraded riparian ecosystem,so that riparian ecosystem can continuously provide people with various kinds of products in daily life,trade and industries.