中国沿海无柄蔓足类研究进展

无柄蔓足类属节肢动物门甲壳纲,是海洋生态系统和污损生物群落中极为重要的组成部分,在中国海域分布着6科25属110种,主要种类为纹藤壶(Balanus amphitrite amphitrite)、网纹藤壶(B.reticulatus)、高峰星藤壶(Chirona amaryllis)、泥藤壶(Balanus uliginosus)、白脊藤壶(B.albicostatus)、三角藤壶(B.trigonus)、红巨藤壶(Megabalanus rosa)、钟巨藤壶(M.tintinnabulum tintinnabulum)、白条地藤壶(Euraphia withersi)、鳞笠藤壶(Tetraclita squamosa squamosa),其中纹藤壶在黄、渤海为优势种,网纹藤壶则在热带和亚热带海区占优势;泥藤壶多出现在沿海河口的咸淡水交汇处;三角藤壶、红巨藤壶和钟巨藤壶等种类分布于盐度较高的海域。环境因子可对无柄蔓足类的生长发育、繁殖附着、分布状况及形态特征等产生显著影响。幼虫发育阶段要经历6期无节幼虫和1期金星幼虫,青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)、牟式角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)和亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)均是幼虫培养较为理想的饵料;金星幼虫可在4—8℃下保存1周左右。藤壶胶粘物由蛋白亚基聚合而成,其初生胶和次生胶组成基本相似。无柄蔓足类不仅是开展防除测试和生态科学研究的理想材料,而且还应进一步分析其在海洋生态系统中的地位和作用,并从分子水平探讨幼虫附着机理、胶粘物作用机制、种类相互关系与系统发生史。

A review on the balanomorph barnacles in the coastal waters of China

Balanomorph barnacles are conspicuous and numerous animals in marine environments,and play an important role in the marine ecological system.Moreover,they are major components of the fouling community.In China,there are 6 families,25 genera and 110 species of the balanomorpha barnacles in the coastal waters.The major species are Balanus amphitrite amphitrite,B.reticulatus,B.uliginosus,B.albicostatus,B.trigonus,Chirona amaryllis,Megabalanus rosa,M.tintinnabulum tintinnabulum,Euraphia withersi,Tetraclita squamosa squamosa.Among them,B.amphitrite amphitrite is the most dominant species in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea;and B.reticulatus in the tropical and sub-tropical waters(i.e.the East China Sea and the South China Sea).B.uliginosus mainly occurs in the estuarial waters with low salinity,but B.trigonus,Megabalanus rosa and M.tintinnabulum tintinnabulum are found in waters with high salinity.Environmental factors play an important role in their growth,development,reproduction,settlement,distribution,and morphological appearance of acorn barnacles.From the north to the south Chinese coast,the breeding season and settlement period of acorn barnacles extend greatly.Barnacle larvae have six nauplius stages followed by a non-feeding cyprid stage,which is the larval stage to find a suitable place for settlement.For larval culture,microalgae Platymonas helgolandica,Chaetoceros muelleri and Platymonas subcordiformis are commonly used to feed the larvae.Cyprids can be stored at 4—8 ℃ for about one week.Barnacle cements are composed mainly of protein subunits.The primary and secondary cements are similar in components and properties.Acorn barnacles are apparently and appropriate testing organisms used in the antifouling study and ecological science research.Species interactions between acorn barnacles and their roles in the benthic community should be elucidated with more attention.Moreover,further research work should be focused on the aspects of taxonomy,larval recruitment and settlement,barnacle cement and phylogeny at the molecular level to advance knowledge in this research area.