重庆市蝴蝶多样性环境健康指示作用和环境监测评价体系构建

在重庆市生态功能区蝴蝶多样性参数研究的基础上,进行区系相似性分析;选取22个蝴蝶多样性参数和5项主要环境因子指标,进行回归和主成分分析,进而探讨监测指标、监测种类和类群的选取与评价体系的建立。分析结果表明:当进行区域级的监测时,在22个指标中,种、科、属的多样性指数和均匀度指数可以忽略;5项环境指标中,人口压力(X22)因子重于面积比例(X18)、人口密度(X19)、林地比例(X20)、土地载有量(X21)等4项因子。选出物种数(X1),蝴蝶属(X2)、科级(X3)单元的多少,种类优势度(X9),各数量等级的物种数贡献率(X10—X13),人口压力(X22)及4个主成分的综合得分等10个因子,作为重庆市生态功能区环境健康状况的10个评价指标;和24个蝴蝶监测种类,12个蝴蝶监测类群一起,探讨评价方法,共同构筑了重庆市生态功能区环境监测评价体系。在此基础上,对各功能区环境健康状况的评价表明,功能区1的环境健康评价为非常健康,5、9、10区为健康功能区;2、3、6、7、14区为亚健康功能区;不健康功能区是4、8、11、12、13区。功能区13、14是城市化区域,它们的分值在14个区中,居第十二位和第七位,不是最低的,这表明城镇化与环境质量并不完全是因果关系,即通过绿化和环境保护,城镇环境是可能得到很好改善的。期望此监测评价体系在实践中进一步完善。

The establishment of the indication on environmental health of butterfly and of the environmental monitoring evaluation system in Chongqing

This is the second paper about the study of biodiversity and biological indication of butterfly in Chongqing, the purpose of this article is to set up the indication on environmental health of butterfly and of the environmental monitoring evaluation system. Basing on the previously study of the diversity parameters of butterfly in different ecological function divisions, this article focus on the research of the similarity analysis of different fauna. It has been selected 22 different diversity parameters of butterfly and 5 major environmental factors. In order to probe the selection of the monitoring index, the species and groups of indictor and to establish the evaluation system of environment, we have been analyzed them by means of regression analysis and principal component analysis. The result shows that, when observing on the region class, the diversity and evenness index of the species, genera and families in the 22 parameters could be neglected; in the 5 main environmental factors, the influence of the population pressure (X₂₂) is more than the other four factors which respectively are the region ratio (X₁₈), the population density (X₁₉), the proportion of woodland (X₂₀) and the amount of land containing (X₂₁). From the analysis of the diversity parameters, there are 10 factors that can be chosen for evaluating the environmental health of the ecological function divisions of Chongqing, the parameters are correspondingly the number of species (X₁), the genera of butterfly (X₂), the number of families (X₃), the dominance index of species (X₉), the contribution rate of different levels of the species number (X₁₀-X₁₃), the population pressure (X₂₂) and the synthetical score of the four principal component values. We also select 24 species and 12 groups of butterfly to monitor the environment, to probe the evaluating method. By means of the method above, we would anticipate that an environmental monitoring and evaluating system of ecological function areas in Chongqing might be established. Basing on the analyzing above and the assessment of the environmental health condition of various function areas, it can be discovered that the environmental health state of the first ecological function area is extremely healthy; the fifth, the ninth, the tenth of the function region is healthy; the ecological function area of the second, the third, the sixth, the seventh, the fourteenth is sub-healthy area; the healthy condition of the fourth, the eighth, the eleventh, the twelfth and thirteenth function region is unhealthy. However, the thirteenth and the fourteenth ecological function areas are urbanization areas, and the scores of both of them are not the lowest, this indicates that the relations of the urbanization and the environmental quality are incompletion causal relationship, it also recommends that the environmental of the cities and towns could be improved well through greening and environment protection. It can be expected that the monitoring and evaluating system could be further perfection in practice.