杂草种子传播研究进展

种子传播将母株生殖周期的末端与它们后代种群的建立连结了起来，广泛认为，其对植被结构具有深刻的影响。种子传播的整个过程称为种子传播循环。研究表明，杂草种子传播的因子多种多样，包括仅依赖自身来完成的主动传播，以及依赖风、水、动物、人类等外界媒介的被动传播。其中，人类传播杂草种子是影响最广泛的一种，对现代植物的分布格局产生了深刻的影响。杂草种子的传播，对杂草种子库的数量和空间动态影响很大。研究种子传播的主要方法有荧光染料标记法、放射性同位素标记法、稳定同位素分析、分子遗传标记等。结合近几年国内外的研究进展，作者就杂草种子传播对种子库数量和空间动态影响的精确直接研究、杂草种子传播的过程及传播后的命运、杂草种子适应传播的机理、生态控草措施研究、外来杂草入侵蔓延与其种子传播的关系等方面提出了展望。

Progresses and prospects in research of weed seed dispersal

Seed dispersal links the end of the reproductive cycle of adult plants with the establishment of their offspring,and is widely accepted to have a profound effect on vegetation structure.Research on the whole process of weed seed dispersal,namely the dispersal cycle,will not only enrich the knowledge on weed biology and ecology,but also help understand mechanisms of invasiveness of alien weeds as well as infestation of arable land by common problematic weed species.These studies may provide a theoretical basis for development of ecological weed control,management of invasive alien species,and even potential reduction on herbicide applications.Weed seeds are dispersed through a range of means,including self dissemination,by wind,water,animals and humans.Among all these factors,human activities have the most significant impact,frequently affecting weed introduction,distribution,and seed bank.Different techniques have been used to study seed dispersal,include fluorescent pigment labeling,radioisotope labeling,stable isotope analysis and molecular markers.Taking into account recent advances as well as our own experience,the authors wish to provide some new perspectives for future research in this field.It is believed that our research focus should be placed on better understanding the effect of seed dispersal on the size and spatial dynamics of weed seed banks,process of dispersal,fate of dispersed seeds,adaptive mechanism of the seeds,ecological weed-control measures,and relationship between seed dispersal and invasiveness of alien weed species.