城市社区尺度的生态交通评价指标

交通出行的便捷和绿色程度是城市生态社区评价的关键内容。基于生态社区评价研究中交通出行相关指标的筛选及分析,选择了评价社区交通出行生态水平的5项关键指标,即居民工作出行时长,社区停车状况,绿色出行比例,公共交通满意度,社区停车环境满意度,建立了基于交通出行数据采集的客观评价和基于居民满意度问卷调查的主观评价相结合的评价方式。选择北京市城区和近郊的4个不同社区案例进行调查、评价和比较,验证评价指标的有效性及北京典型社区的交通出行生态水平。北京居民工作出行时长在60 min以内的占样本总量的75%左右,7%的居民出行时长在90 min以上;居民平均绿色出行比例为69.5%;北京居民对公共交通的满意度约为46%,对社区停车环境满意度则不足19%。居民工作出行时长指标可以更直接的反应交通便捷程度,而公共交通的便利程度会影响到居民选择绿色出行方式的比例。

Assessing indicators of eco-mobility in the scale of urban communities

Eco-mobility satisfy the basic requirements of transport, traffic and travel, and has lower environmental impacts and resource consumption. Easy and green mobility are the key elements of constructing sustainable communities in urban areas. The convenience of external public transportation and the order of internal mobility were the main concerns of this research on indicators of eco-mobility in the scale of urban community. Based on selecting and analyzing of relevant indicators on assessing the ecological level of urban communities' transporting in previous researches, five key indicators of assessing urban communities' eco-mobility were selected. They were time consuming from home to working place, community parking, the ratio of green transporting, public satisfaction on communities' transporting and parking environment. The integration of objective and subjective assessing method, which contains ground data analysis and residents' survey, was established. Four cases of urban and suburban communities in Beijing, named Minan, Kanglongyuan, Xinhua and Dongsisitiao, were investigated, assessed and compared to study effectiveness of selected indicators and research the ecological level of typical communities' transportation. Four hundreds and five questionnaire were taken, two hundreds and five questionnaire were taken in the studied communities, and other two hundreds questionnaire were taken through the website. Main results were: (1) Time consuming from home to working place within the 60 min was about 75%, and about 7% of the residents spend more than 90 min. (2) Paring was an important issue of mobility in communities' scale. Kanglongyuan community had better parking facility than other three communities, because it was new built community, and the designers had already concern the factors of permeable layer and sunshade. (3) The average ratio of green transporting was 69.5%, and Kanglongyuan community showed a lower green transporting ratio because it was located in suburban of Beijing city, and the connection of pubic transportation seems worse than other three communities located in urban area. (4) The main reasons affected residents' choice of green measures of transportation were: green transportation costs less (70.9%), private car are more convenience (60.7%), and public transportation are often crowed. (5) Residents' satisfaction with public transports was about 46%, and satisfaction with the community park environment was less than 19%. The communities located in the central parts of urban area (Minan, Xinhua and Dongsisitiao community) showed higher satisfaction ratio on public transportation (more than 80%), compared with the community located in suburban area, Kanglongyuan community only had a satisfaction ratio of 42% of public transportation. According to this study, we found that the indicator of the time consuming from home to working place could much more directly reflect the level of easy transporting, compared to the indicators of public bus stations' number and density of road. The ratio of green transporting maybe relevant of the easy level of public transportation. For the government promoting green transportation, on the one side, propagandize should develop to change peoples' con consciousness of environment, and on the other side the level of comfort and accessibility of public transportation should be regarded.