锌对两个品种茄子果实品质的效应

采用土壤盆栽试验和化学分析方法,研究缺锌土壤上增施锌肥对两种茄子(黑紫茄和竹丝茄)产量和品质的影响及品种间差异,为优质蔬菜生产中合理施用微量元素锌提供科学依据。结果表明:在缺锌土壤上种植茄子,施锌量在10-40mg/kg条件下对两个品种茄子均有显著增产效果,以锌肥用量为20mg/kg时增产效果最好,其中黑紫茄增产37.7%,竹丝茄增产82.5%;锌肥用量能够明显影响茄子品质,适当增加锌肥用量,果实中游离氨基酸、硝酸盐含量下降,而可溶性糖、维生素C、黄酮和芦丁及矿质元素锌、铁、钙含量升高。茄子果实中大部分品质成分的平均含量在施锌量为20 mg/kg达到最高,其次为40mg/kg和10 mg/kg。低锌土壤上增施适量锌肥(Zn 20mg/kg土壤)使两种茄子的品质明显改善,施锌过量(>40 mg/kg)茄果品质下降。

Effects of zinc on the fruits' quality of two eggplant varieties

The effects of zinc on yield and quality of two kinds of eggplants (black-purple eggplant and bamboo eggplant) were studied to provide scientific base for reasonable trace element fertilization in quality vegetables planting. The results showed that the yield of these two kinds significantly improved adding the rate of zinc from 10 to 40 mg/kg, the yield reached maximum while the zinc in soil was 20 mg/kg.Meanwhile, the yield of black-purple eggplant increased by 37.7% and bamboo eggplant increased by 82.5%, respectively. The content of free amino and nitrate in the two kinds of eggplants declined, and the content of soluble sugar, vitamin C, flavone, rutin and some mineral elements like zinc, iron and calcium increased with the increase of concentration of zinc in soil. Most quality elements in eggplant reached maximum while zinc in soil was 20 mg/kg, the next were 40 and 10 mg/kg. Adding appropriate zinc fertilizer into soil which short of zinc(zinc in soil was 20 mg/kg)could significantly improve eggplants' quality, but the rate of zinc beyond of 40 mg/kg, the quality of eggplants went down.