区域尺度陆地生态系统碳收支及其循环过程研究进展

地球系统的碳库和碳循环过程变化是影响气候系统的重要因素,而陆地生态系统的碳收支及其循环过程机制研究一直是全球气候变化成因分析、变化趋势预测、减缓和适应对策分析领域的科学研究热点。回顾了过去几十年区域尺度陆地生态系统碳循环和碳收支研究领域的国际前沿及其关键科学问题,并分析了我国在该研究领域的科技需求和发展方向。当前国际科学研究的热点和前沿领域主要包括:生态系统和区域碳储量和碳收支的清查、综合计量与碳汇认证,陆地生态系统碳通量的联网观测及其循环过程机制,陆地生态系统碳循环过程对气候变化响应野外控制试验,陆地生态系统水、碳、氮循环及其耦合关系机制和模拟模型研究等,同时指出在这些研究领域依然存在且急需解决的关键科学问题。我国近期的科技工作重点工作应该是努力构建天-地-空一体化的碳储量和碳收支动态监测体系、开展生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环及其区域调控管理的前瞻性研究,定量评价中国生态系统的碳收支状况和增汇潜力,评估各种典型生态系统增汇技术的经济效益,为国家尺度的温室气体管理和碳交易机制与政策体系的建立提供可报告、可度量和可核查的科学数据和技术支持。

Research on carbon budget and carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems in regional scale: a review

Changes of carbon pools and carbon cycles in the earth system are important factors affecting the climate system, and the mechanism of carbon budget and carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems is the research focus in the field of global climate change cause, trend forecasting, mitigation and adaptation countermeasure. This paper focuses on reviewing the research frontiers of regional carbon cycle and carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems and its key scientific issues in the past few decades, and analyzing the technical requirements and development in this research field. Presently, the frontier areas and focus of research include inventory of ecosystems and regional carbon storage and their budget, a comprehensive measurement and certification of carbon sinks, network observation of carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems and its driving mechanisms, controlled experiments on the responses and adaption of terrestrial ecosystems carbon cycle to climate change, and the coupling cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen processes in terrestrial ecosystem and model simulation. Simultaneously, some key scientific issues need to be resolved in this research field was suggested. In China, recent research should focus on building the three-dimensional monitoring system of integrated carbon storage and carbon budget, prospectively researching ecosystem carbon-nitrogen-water coupling cycle and its regulation, quantitatively evaluating the carbon budget and potential carbon sink of Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, and assessing the economic benefits of typical increasing carbon sink technology. These can provide reports, measurable and verifiable scientific data and technical support for greenhouse gas management, carbon trading scheme and policy system build.