三江平原湿地鸟类丰富度的空间格局及热点地区保护

全球气候变化和人类的开垦开发活动使湿地生物多样性遭到严重的干扰和破坏,导致生物多样性空间分布格局及热点地区的保护成为研究的热点。在对三江平原湿地鸟类预测的基础上,利用空间自相关方法分析三江平原湿地鸟类丰富度的空间分布格局,并找出湿地鸟类多样性的热点地区及优先保护顺序。研究结果表明,三江平原湿地鸟类丰富度高高集聚区主要分布在保护区及周边地区、河流和湖泊沿岸,是新建和扩建自然保护区的最佳区域。湿地鸟类丰富度高低集聚区主要分布在农田景观中,将它们设立成微型保护地块对于区域景观生态安全具有重要意义;利用湿地鸟类物种丰富度、国家级保护湿地鸟类、生境类型和结构、距最近保护区距离、破碎度、干扰度等指标,在研究区内共找到13个热点地区,总面积为1018.7km²,占研究区总面积的8%;利用系统聚类分析,将13个热点地区划分成3种优先保护顺序。构建的小区域范围内寻找生物多样性热点地区的方法,为相关政府部门更有效地进行湿地生物多样性的保护和管理提供科学依据。

Study on the spatial pattern of wetland bird richness and hotspots in Sanjiang Plain

The wetland biodiversity had been severely disturbed and destroyed due to the global climate change, land reclamation and exploitation activities. Wetland biodiversity conservation was increasingly concerned for its functions and service values those have been recognized and accepted widely. The key issues about wetland biodiversity conservation concerning were to how the wetland biodiversity spatial pattern to distribute and where hotspots to identified. The spatial pattern of wetland bird diversity was analyzed by using the spatial autocorrelation model with the combination of forecasting the wetland bird distribution provided by GAP analysis. The hotspots and superior conservation order of bird diversity were identified by using GIS technology. The study results indicated that the high-high wetland bird richness focusing field was the best place for build or enlarge nature reserves where main distributed around protected areas and coastal rivers, the high-low wetland bird richness focusing field was the best place for build micro-scale protected area where mainly in the agricultural landscape. 13 hotspots were identified by using the indicators as followings: wetland bird richness, nationally protected birds, habitat types and structural, the closest distance from hotspot to nature reserve, fragmentation, disturbances, etc. The total area of hotspots was 1018.7 km², accounting for 8% of the total research area. 13 hotspots were divided into three kinds of superior conservation order of biodiversity using by system cluster analysis. In conclusion, the study put forward to scientific evidence for the protection and management of wetland biodiversity in Sanjiang Plain, and developed and enriched the theories and methods of Chinese biodiversity protection.