长江宜昌段桥边河大型底栖动物功能摄食类群时空分布特征

研究河流生境时空变化对大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的影响，分析底栖动物功能摄食类群对环境因子的响应关系，对评估河流生态系统健康具有重要意义。以长江支流桥边河为研究对象，基于2020年8月、2021年1月和2021年4月对桥边河大型底栖动物和水体理化因子的调查数据，分析了大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的构成以及时空分布特征。结果表明：共采集到大型底栖动物3门38种，包括节肢动物门23种、软体动物门13种、环节动物门2种。桥边河大型底栖动物功能摄食类群中滤食者占绝对优势，其次为刮食者、捕食者、撕食者和收集者。滤食者的优势种为闪蚬和河蚬，刮食者的优势种为方格短沟蜷、铜锈环棱螺和卵萝卜螺，捕食者的优势种为河蟌，撕食者的优势种为秀丽白虾，收集者的优势种为黄色羽摇蚊。冗余分析（RDA）表明，影响桥边河大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因子为溶解氧（DO）、氨态氮（NH₄⁺-N）、水深（Dep）、pH、温度（T）和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）。研究大型底栖动物功能摄食类群组成和时空分布特征，可为河流生态系统修复提供参考依据。

Spatiotemporal distribution of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in Qiaobian River, a tributary of Yangtze River in Yichang

Distribution of the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates and their response to environmental factors play an important role in river ecosystem health. Thus, the influence of spatiotemporal changes of river habitat on these factors should be assessed. The composition and spatiotemporal distribution of functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates were analyzed based on the data of macroinvertebrates and the associated environmental factors in Qiaobian River in August 2020, January 2021, and April 2021. A total of 38 species of macroinvertebrates were collected, including 23 species of Arthropoda, 13 species of Mollusca, and 2 species of Annelida. The functional feeding group of macroinvertebrates in Qiaobian River was dominated by filter-collectors, followed by scrapers, predators, shredders, and gather-collectors. The dominant species of filter-collector were Corbicula nitens and Corbicula fluminea. The dominant species of scrapers were Semisulcospira cancellata, Bellamya aeruginosa, and Radix ovata. The dominant species of predators was Calopterygidae. The dominant species of shredders was Exopalaemon modestus. The dominant species of gather-collectors was Chironomus flaviplumus. Redundancy analysis indicated that dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, water depth, pH, temperature, and nitrate nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates in Qiaobian River. The present study of functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates and the factors influencing their spatiotemporal distribution can provide reference for the restoration of river ecosystems.