澜沧县两栖动物多样性及海拔分布格局

海拔梯度综合了温度、降水等气候因子，是影响物种多样性分布格局的重要环境因子，两栖动物多样性及其海拔分布格局一直是生物地理学和生态学研究的重要内容。为了全面掌握云南澜沧县两栖动物多样性现状及海拔分布格局，在调查并掌握澜沧县两栖动物多样性本底数据的基础上，根据地形地貌和生境的不同，在澜沧县99个10km×10km有效网格中按照分层抽样的方法选取45个网格，每个网格设置3-5条样线，于2016-2017年开展野外调查。调查共发现两栖动物1842只，隶属于2目9科30属60种，以树蛙科为主，占两栖动物物种总数的28.3%，其中云南纤树蛙（Gracixalus yunnanensis）为新种，清迈泽陆蛙（Fejervarya qingmaiensis）为中国新纪录种；调查到中国特有种有15种，三有保护动物有25种，受威胁物种有19种，其中极危物种1种，濒危物种4种，易危物种14种；澜沧县两栖动物在海拔600-2400m范围内均有分布，其中，在海拔1800-2000m之间的范围内调查到的两栖动物物种数目和多度均较高，其次是在海拔1600-1800m和1200-1400m范围内；本次调查记录到的两栖动物物种数是历史记录物种数的3倍，属数比历史记录多了1倍，铃蟾科为新记录科；丰富度较高的网格尤其是丰富度在20以上的网格均处于中高海拔，海拔相对较低和较高的网格丰富度相对较低；两栖动物多样性科、属、种的丰富度在海拔梯度上分布格局不太一致，种丰富度的海拔分布格局大体呈双峰型，是由包括平均降水量、平均温度和植被覆盖指数等环境因子的综合作用，各因子与物种丰富度相关性从大到小依次为平均降水量 > 平均海拔=平均温度 > 植被覆盖指数 > 水网密度指数 > 样线距离水域的平均距离 > 植被类型数量。研究摸清了澜沧县两栖动物的多样性状况，分析了两栖动物多样性海拔分布格局，为澜沧县生物多样性保护提供基础数据。

Species diversity and altitudinal distribution patterns of Amphibians in Lancang County, Yunnan Province, China

The altitude gradient is an important factor for studying the altitudinal pattern of species diversity, which integrates climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation. The diversity and altitudinal pattern of amphibians is important research in biogeography and ecology. In order to fully grasp the current situation and elevation distribution pattern of amphibian diversity in Lancang County, Yunnan Province, the biodiversity of amphibian diversity was surveyed in 2016-2017. On the background data of amphibian diversity in Lancang County, 45 survey grids were selected from the 99 effective grids (10km×10km) according to the topography, landforms and habitats. 3-5 survey lines were set in each grid. Totally, 1842 individuals were recorded, belonging to 60 species, 30 genera, 9 families and 2 orders. Among them, Rhacophoridae is the dominant family, accounting for 28.3% of the total amphibian families. The Gracixalus yunnanensis is a new species. The Fejervarya qingmaiensis is a newly recorded species in China. Among all the surveyed species, there are 15 endemic to China, 25 beneficial or important economic and scientific value wild animals of China. There are 19 threatened species, including one critically endangered species, 4 endangered species and 14 vulnerable species. The amphibians of Lancang County are mainly distributed in the altitude range of 600-2400m. These are the highest number and abundance of amphibian in the altitude range of 1800-2000m. Second are in the range of 1600-1800m and 1200-1400m. The number of the family was tripled and the genera was doubled compared with the previous survey, and the Bombinatoridae was firstly recorded in this county. Grids with high richness, especially those with richness above 20, are at medium and high altitudes. Grid with relatively low richness are at relatively low and high altitude. The distribution pattern of amphibian diversity family, genus and species richness is not consistent along the altitudinal gradient. The altitudinal distribution pattern of species richness is generally bimodal, which is caused by the comprehensive effect of environmental factors including average precipitation, average temperature and vegetation cover index. The order of the correlation between each factor and species richness is:average precipitation > average altitude=average temperature > vegetation coverage index > water network density index > average distance between transect and water area > number of vegetation types. This study found out the diversity of amphibians in Lancang County, analyzed the altitudinal distribution pattern of amphibian diversity, and provided basic data for biodiversity conservation in Lancang County.