不同番茄材料对B型烟粉虱个体发育和繁殖能力的影响

以甘蓝寄主上连续繁殖多代后的B型烟粉虱为对象,对其在8种番茄材料(4个栽培番茄、3个多毛番茄和1个醋栗番茄)上的产卵量、体型大小、发育历期、存活率以及第2代成虫的产卵量和寿命等生物学参数进行观察.自然情况下(10:00-14:00)接虫,烟粉虱在多毛番茄LA2329上的平均产卵量显著低于栽培番茄9706上的产卵量(分别为11粒,164粒).羽化后,烟粉虱雌虫在多毛番茄LA1777上的寿命显著低于在栽培番茄Moneymaker上的存活寿命(分别为5d,22d);而羽化后雌虫在LA1777上的平均产卵量显著低于在栽培番茄早粉2号上的产卵量(分别为7粒/头,95粒/头).在其他参数,如体型大小、存活率、发育历期等,没有显著性的变化.结果显示,较多毛番茄而言,栽培番茄是烟粉虱的较好寄主.而且,在评价抗烟粉虱番茄材料时,平均产卵量、羽化后雌虫寿命及产卵量是3个有效的评价参数.

Development and reproduction of Bemisia tabaci biotype B on wild and cultivated tomato accessions

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B has become a severe economic pest in recent years worldwide and infests more than 600 host plant species. In tomato it causes irregular fruit ripening and induces plant physiological disorders via transmitted geminiviruses such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. As a result, tomato yields are severely reduced. Presently, it is the most important pest of greenhouse-grown tomato plants in China. Previous researchers found that some wild tomato species were resistant or tolerant to B. tabaci. However, the effect of these wild species on growth of B. tabaci and the different responses among wild tomato species and cultivars are not well known. In this research, B. tabaci biotype B, reared on cabbage, was transferred to eight tomato accessions (three Solanum habrochaites, four S. lycopersicum and one S. pimpinellifolium). Oviposition, body size, rate of development, longevity, and survivorship were investigated. Bemisia tabaci deposited lowest eggs on accession LA1777 (S. habrochaites) and highest on 9706 (S. lycopersicum) from 10:00 to 14:00 on a sunny day (14 and 164 eggs, respectively). After egg-laying, the adults of B. tabaci were moved to a incubator maintained at 25°C and 60% RH with a 16/8 h (light/dark) photoperiod, and all life parameters were investigated. The first, second and fourth instars were larger on S. habrochaites than on the other accessions. However, the third instars were largest on accession 9706. The development time of B. tabaci from egg to adult was longest (29 days) on Lichun (S. lycopersicum) and shortest (21.5 days) on 9706. The longest development time from first to fourth instars was 16 days on Moneymaker (S. lycopersicum) and the shortest time was 10 days on Zaofen No.2 (S. lycopersicum). From egg to first instar, the development time was longer on 9706 (14 days) than on LA2329 (S. habrochaites; 9 days). The survivorship of B. tabaci from egg to adult was significantly higher on LA1777 (88.28%) than on Lichun (53.25%). Survivorship in the pupal stage was significantly higher on LA1777 (96.56%) than on 9706 (84.51%), and the other accessions did not differ significantly from 9706. Survivorship in the first instar was higher on 9706 (98.58%) than on To937 (S. pimpinellifolium; 91.08%); there was no significant difference between the other accessions and To937. Survivorship in the second and third instars did not differ significantly among all accessions. In fourth instar, survivorship was higher on PI134417 (S. habrochaites; 97.10%) than on 9706 (80.13%). After eclosion, the longevity of female B. tabaci on LA1777 was significantly shorter (5 days) than on Moneymaker (22 days). Oviposition on LA1777 was significantly lower (7 eggs/female) than on Zaofen No.2 (S. lycopersicum; 95 eggs/female). The results indicate that cultivated tomato is a better host plant for B. tabaci, whereas S. habrochaites accessions such as LA1777 and LA2329 show better resistance or tolerance to B. tabaci. The latter are useful germplasm for tomato breeding. There were consistent and significant differences in the life parameters, oviposition, female longevity and oviposition (after eclosion), but not in body size, rate of development and survivorship, between wild species and cultivars. Therefore, these three parameters are useful for evaluating resistance/susceptibility to B. tabaci in tomato.