我国保护地生态旅游发展现状调查分析

了解我国保护地生态旅游发展现状,为制定我国生态旅游政策和推动旅游资源与环境保护提供理论支撑.调查结果显示,我国大多数保护地开展了生态旅游,现状特征主要是:(1)有一定的生态旅游市场规模,生态旅游产品趋于多样化；(2)基础设施的生态兼容性不够；(3)环境解说系统普遍建立,但专业化程度较低；(4)生态环境状况良好,但环境管理体系仍需完善;(5)社区参与经济效益好,但参与深度有限；(6)我国保护地生态旅游从业人员数量不足,且导游在生态旅游方面的专业素养亟待提高；(7)生态旅游管理受到重视,但相关措施有待完善；(8)资金投入不够、管理体制未理顺是阻碍我国保护地生态旅游发展较为普通的问题.

Investigation and analysis on situation of ecotourism development in protected areas of China

With investigation in the twenty-seven provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the mainland of China, this study aims at learning about the situation of ecotourism development in different types of protected areas including nature reserves, natural scenic areas, forest parks, wetland parks, water parks, and geological parks, and providing some theoretical basis for ecotourism policy making and resources and environment protection. Investigation results show that ecotourism has been developed widely in most protected areas in China. The characteristics of present situation are as follows: (1) Chinese ecotourism market including the number of visitors and tourism revenue has reached a certain scale, and tourism activities are becoming more diversified, especially with some ecotourism special activities springing up. (2) Environment interpretation has gained much attention in most protected areas who covered almost all kinds of interpretation ways, did environment interpretation system planning, combined local culture and nature with it, but the content are not professionally enough, even with some obvious errors. (3) The infrastructure construction has been completed in general according to the survey, however, ecological compatibility is the important issue most protected areas has been ignored. A variety of protected areas we investigated are inclined to construct infrastructure in a way of mass tourism. (4) Although the environment situation is good in wide scope, the ecotourism environment protection measures are used little which will cause a fatal result to the natural environment, so that the environment management system are need be organized in a term as short as we can. (5) The garbage was thought as the most serious pollution in more than half of the respondent scenic spots. Besides, air pollution and natural attraction damage has existed in more than 20% respondent scenic spots. Ecotourism monitoring and supervision are very necessary for scenic spots manager to control these pollution phenomena. However, we found the environment monitoring system and impact assessment for construction projects has been rarely mentioned in the planning or the policy rather than the implement. (6) We are glad to see that residents in local community have gained considerable benefits from participation in ecotourism, which results in the positive attitudes of 95 percent residents to ecotourism development and is helpful to it. But the community participation in some extent is still at a lower-level stage. More residents participate in ecotourism in some ways, such as selling ecotourism commodity, working for the protected areas, offering guide service, but excluding decision making. (7) As to the tourism supervision in protected areas, corresponding regulation has generally formulated while some special rules such as contingency plan, fire prevention organization and security supervision need to be put forward in the future. And the quantity and quality of employees, together with ecotourism guides specialization, cannot meet the demand of ecotourism development. (8) At the same time, lacking of funds, as well as inefficient management system, is the prominent and general barrier to ecotourism development in China. Although there are many problems we, stakeholders, must focus on and solve, China still has a tremendous potential in ecotourism because of the abundant natural resources, a huge market, and more and more attention from all kinds of stakeholders.