中国陆地经济与生态环境协调发展的空间演变

以中国2853个县(区)的GDP数据和全国1km格网土地利用数据为基础,通过构建ESV、YEEH和EEHC模型,依据ESV和GDP单位面积变化计算中国陆地经济与生态环境协调度,并借助Arc GIS 10.1平台对YEEH和EEHC栅格数据进行空间分析,以此揭示中国陆地经济发展与生态环境系统的相关关系和演变特征。研究表明:(1)中国陆地经济与生态环境协调发展度逐渐好转,呈现出东北地区好于西部地区,西部地区好于中、东部地区的空间格局,反映出当面社会经济活动与自然生态环境关系之间总体上向着可持续的方向发展;(2)中国陆地经济与生态环境协调发展的空间分布状态从1980年的低于均值聚集模式发展变化到2010年的高—低两种聚集模式共同分布;(3)中国陆地经济社会与生态环境发展协调度当前整体上趋于好转,但在区域分布上空间差异较为明显,西部地区在保护生态环境的同时需大力发展经济,而东中部地区则需在发展经济的同时注重生态保持与修复,中国的经济发展与生态环境建设工作依然任重而道远。

Evaluation of the coordinated development of economy and eco-environmental systems and spatial evolution in China

Based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 1km×1km land use data for 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010, and using 2853 counties or districts as basic units, this study used models such as Ecosystem Service Value (ESV), Year of Economy-Environmental Harmonize (YEEH), and Economy-Environmental Harmonize Change(EEHC) and calculated the relationship between the economy and eco-environment according to the per unit area change of ESV and GDP. YEEH and EEHC indices were used to reflect the relationship between economic development and eco-environment systems of China and its evolution. The results showed that the coordination between economy and eco-environment continuously improved from 1980 to 2010. The EEHC in northern China was better than that in the western region, and the EEHC in western China was better than that in the central and eastern regions, reflecting the sustainable development of relationships between socio-economic activities and natural ecological environments. The spatial distribution of coordination between economy and eco-environment in China appeared aggregated model and its value was lower than the average in 1980. However, it developed to both high and low aggregation patterns in 2010. Furthermore, the degree of coordination between economic society and ecological environment changed for the better, but the distribution in different regions was very different and apparent. The results also showed that the economy should be developed when the ecological environment in the western region is protected, whereas ecological maintenance and restoration need to be considered when developing the economy in the central and eastern regions. There is still a long way to go for China''s economic development and ecological environmental construction.