不同经营模式对蒙古栎次生林叶功能性状和土壤理化性质的影响

植物功能性状是连接植物与环境的桥梁,能反映植物对外部环境的适应机制。以黑龙江省哈尔滨市丹青河实验林场3种经营模式下的蒙古栎天然次生林为研究对象,对其叶功能性状进行研究,探讨叶功能性状与土壤理化性质间的关系,对于理解植物对环境的适应机制及植物群落的构建具有重要意义。研究结果表明:(1)除土壤全钾、速效钾、有机碳含量外,不同经营模式下的土壤理化性质相差不大;(2)不同经营模式下的叶功能性状差异较大,目标树经营模式的单叶面积极显著大于综合抚育模式和无干扰模式(P0.01),目标树经营模式的叶氮、叶有机碳含量极显著小于综合抚育模式和无干扰模式(P0.01);单叶面积与叶氮含量、叶有机碳含量间均存在极显著负向相关关系(P0.01),叶氮含量与叶有机碳含量间存在极显著正向相关关系(P0.01);(3)土壤有机碳对单叶面积、叶氮含量、叶磷含量、叶有机碳含量均有显著影响。可见,不同经营模式下的蒙古栎天然次生林自我恢复能力较强,在采取不同程度的抚育后均未造成林地土壤养分的损失,土壤有机碳是影响不同经营模式下蒙古栎天然次生林叶功能性状变异的主要因素,蒙古栎天然次生林群落通过功能性状的耦合协调或组合来适应环境,植物功能性状对土壤理化性质的响应是一个长期的过程,仍需加强长期监测和更多研究。

Effects of different management models on leaf functional traits and soil physical and chemical properties of natural secondary forest of Quercus mongolica

Plant functional traits is a bridge between plants and the environment, and can reflect the mechanisms of plant adaptation to the external environment. The natural secondary forest of Quercus mongolica under three management models in the Danqinghe forest farm in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, was used as the research object, to study the leaf functional traits and the relationship between leaf functional traits and soil physical and chemical properties, which is of great significance in understanding plants'' adaptation to the environment and the formation of plant communities. The results showed that:(1) there were no significant differences in the soil physical and chemical properties, and in total soil potassium, available potassium, and organic carbon content, between the different management models of the natural secondary Quercus mongolica forest; (2) the functional traits of the natural secondary Quercus mongolica forest under different management models were obviously different; the individual leaf area in the target tree management model was significantly higher than that in the ecosystem management model and the no-interference model(P < 0.01), and the leaf organic carbon content and leaf nitrogen content in the target tree management model were significantly lower than those in the ecosystem management model and the no-interference model (P < 0.01); the leaf area was sidnificantly negatively related with the leaf nitrogen and organic carbon content (P < 0.01); and there was significant positive correlation between the leaf nitrogen content and leaf organic carbon content (P < 0.01); (3) soil organic carbon had significant influence on the individual leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content, and leaf organic carbon content. Therefore, the ability to self-recover in the natural secondary Quercus mongolica forest under different management models was stronger, and soil nutrients in woodland was not lost by different degrees of tending. Soil organic carbon was the main factor affecting the variation of leaf functional traits in the natural secondary Quercus mongolica forest under different management models. The natural secondary Quercus mongolica forest communities adapt to the environment through the coupling or combination of functional traits. The response of plant functional traits on soil physicochemical properties is an elaborate process; we need to strengthen their long-term monitoring and conduct more research.