农户对生态环境变化的适应能力及驱动因子——以内蒙古自治区杭锦旗为例

适应性研究是全球变化科学研究的重点领域,其核心宗旨在于提高适应能力。采用主成分分析法,通过构建农户生态环境变化适应能力测量指标体系,对位于库布其沙漠的杭锦旗不同区域和不同生计类型农户对生态环境变化的适应能力进行了定量评价与对比分析,并就农户对生态环境变化适应能力的主要驱动因子进行了探析。结果表明:(1)杭锦旗农户对生态环境变化的适应能力处于较低的水平。其中,南部梁外区农户对生态环境变化的适应能力高于北部沿河区;兼业型农户对生态环境变化的适应能力高于纯农户和非农户。(2)农户对生态环境变化适应能力的驱动因子,由主到次依次为:人力能力及生计多样化程度、耕地及物质财富拥有状况、生态环境意识、基础设施条件和农户从事畜牧业的状况。在此基础上,提出了提高杭锦旗农户生态环境变化适应能力的政策建议。

Analysis on the adaptability of farmers to ecological and environmental changes and the driving factors in the inner mongolia autonomous region

Adaptability research is a key field of scientific research globally. Its core aim is to improve adaptability. In this study, for constructing the measurement index system of farmers'' adaptability to ecological and environment changes, we used principal component analysis to quantitatively evaluate the adaptability of farmers to ecological and environmental changes and analyzed the main driving factors in different regions and different livelihood types of Hangjin Banner, which is located in the hinterland of Kubuqi Desert. The results indicated that:(1) the farmers'' adaptability to the ecological and environment changes is poor in Hangjin Banner. Particularly, the adaptability of farmers in the Liangwai area of the southern region is higher than that in the Riverside area of the northern region. The farmers'' adaptability to the ecological and environmental changes of the facultative farmers is higher than that of the pure farmers and non-farmers. (2) The driving factors of farmers'' adaptability to the ecological environment changes are the degree of labor and livelihood diversification, the status of arable land and material wealth, awareness about the environment, and the infrastructure conditions and status of animal husbandry. Finally, we provided suggestions for improving the adaptability for rural ecological environmental change of Hangjin Banner.