新薛河上游溪流典型生境底栖动物群落结构比较研究

群落时空格局研究是后续深入开展相关研究的基础。基于2012年山东省新薛河底栖动物调查数据,就新薛河上游典型溪流生境底栖动物群落结构进行了比较研究。结果表明:共采集底栖动物108种,隶属10纲,74属;短脉纹石蛾(Cheumatopsyche sp.)、长钝直突摇蚊(Orthocaldius vaillanti)、拟长跗摇蚊属一种(Paratanytarsus sp.E)、Neozarelia sp.为研究区域优势类群,相对丰度分别为25.1%、9.8%、9.0%、8.6%。各河段优势物种组成、密度、生物量、生物多样性均存在显著差异。非度量多维标度排序和多响应置换过程分析从群落层面验证了不同河段群落结构的差异;且发现,流量越小,群落分化越明显。通过指示物种和双向聚类分析,进一步明确了物种组成对群落结构的影响。总之,不同生境底栖动物物种组成和群落结构存在较大差异,栖境多样性对生物多样性的维持和保护具有重要意义。

Comparison of macroinvertebrate community structure among typical upstream habitats in the Newxue River

Understanding community spatio-temporal variability is the basis for further research (such as trait, functional diversity, and so on). Most studies to date have focused on the relationship between community structure and environmental factors, and species composition has been only rarely reported. In the present study, macroinvertebrate community structure was compared among typical stream habitats in the upper Newxue River in the year 2012 (April, October, and December). The main results were as follows:a total of 108 macroinvertebrates taxa belonging to 74 genera and 10 Classes were recorded; Cheumatopsyche sp., Orthocladius vaillanti,Paratanytarsus sp.E, and Neozarelia sp. were the dominant taxa, with relative abundances of 25.1%, 9.8%, 9.0%, and 8.6%, respectively. Dominant taxon composition, density, biomass, ratio of biomass and density, and biodiversity indices (richness, Shannon index, and evenness index) were significantly different among different reaches. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) showed that community structure was significantly different among the reaches, and this difference increased with decrease in flow rate. Indicator species analysis and two-way cluster analysis were used to explain the reasons for differences in community structure at the species level. The protection of habitat diversity is thus of great significance for the protection and improvement of biodiversity in the study area.