基于生态系统服务功能和生态敏感性的生态空间划定研究——以南宁市为例

生态空间管制是我国国土空间管制的重要内容。针对目前国内对生态空间认知有差异,对其划定技术方法还处于探索阶段的情况下,以生态系统服务功能和生态敏感性技术评价方法为手段,以广西壮族自治区南宁市为研究对象,开展了基于生态系统服务功能重要性和生态敏感性的生态空间划定方法的探索研究。结果表明:(1)研究区域内主导的生态系统服务功能主要为生物多样性维护功能和水土保持功能,其次为水源涵养功能。生态系统综合服务功能重要性类型以一般重要为主,约占研究区总面积的42.32%。(2)研究区生态敏感性以水土流失敏感性为主,其次为石漠化敏感类型。生态环境综合敏感类型以敏感为主,约占总面积的85.44%。(3)研究区内初步划定生态空间总面积约9325.27 km~2,占研究区总面积的42.19%,占研究区内生态用地面积的76.59%。土地利用类型以林地为主,约占生态空间面积的83.65%。划定的生态空间范围涵盖了绝大部分生态用地。本研究在一定程度上丰富了生态空间的内涵,可为进一步理解和划定生态空间提供参考与借鉴。

Methods to identify the boundary of ecological space based on ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity: A case study of Nanning City

Ecological space distribution has important functions, and can provide a basis for making decisions regarding protecting the ecological security of national landscapes. How to define an ecological space has become a problem in ecological environment protection and management. Presently, ecological space delimitation technology is still in the exploration stage domestically. Ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity are the main indicators that reveal ecosystem health. Based on the ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity of ecosystem protection and decision-making management, the conflict between ecological systems and land use can be coordinated. This is conducive to restore and maintain regional ecosystem integrity and sustainability. In this study, the ecological space delimitation method was analyzed based on the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity in Nanning City, Guangxi Autonomous Region. Results showed that in the study area, the main ecosystem service functions were biological diversity maintenance and soil and water conservation function, followed by water conservation function. The comprehensive ecosystem service function was generally important, accounting for 42.32% of the research area. The main ecological sensitivity of the study area was soil and water loss, followed by stony desertification. The comprehensive sensitivity level indicated the ecological environment was sensitive, accounting for 85.44% of the total area. The preliminary delineation of ecological space in the study area was about 9325.27 km², accounting for 42.19% of the study area, and 76.59% of the area of ecological land in the study area. Forest land was the main land use type in the ecological space, accounting for 83.65% of the ecological space. The delineation of ecological space covered most of the ecological land. This method can be used in the delimitation of ecological space in space planning, which can provide auxiliary decision support for the planning scheme. In the next step, further discussion is needed to identify regional ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity mechanisms and capabilities from rich data sources and data accuracy. It is still necessary to combine ecological space with urban and agricultural spaces to comprehensively research the ecosystem. Further research on ecological space classification is necessary.