西藏高原冬虫夏草资源适宜性区划分析

冬虫夏草是分布在西藏高原高寒草甸中稀缺的可再生生物资源,具有很高的药用价值和经济价值,然而资源的数量、空间分布格局及分布适宜度尚不清晰。根据西藏高原冬虫夏草产区生态环境条件,以海拔高度、植被类型、土壤类型、年平均降水量、年平均气温为区划主要指标,利用GIS空间分析方法对西藏高原冬虫夏草生长区进行适宜性综合区划。结果表明:那曲地区的比如县、索县,昌都市的边坝县、丁青县、类乌齐县、江达县、洛隆县、察雅县、贡觉县部分产区处在适宜区;那曲地区的那曲县、嘉黎县、巴青县、聂荣县,拉萨市的当雄县及其他产区处在次适宜区;日喀则市的大部分地区、林芝市和山南市的低海拔地区为不适宜区。在出产冬虫夏草的地区(市)中,那曲地区、昌都市分布面积占当地产冬虫夏草县域国土面积的52.1%—59.3%,山南市、日喀则市、拉萨市和林芝市分布面积占当地产冬虫夏草县域国土面积的13.7%—26.1%,整个西藏高原产区的冬虫夏草分布面积平均占当地产冬虫夏草县域国土面积的34.5%。综合区划图能比较真实的反映西藏高原冬虫夏草空间分布格局,区划结果与采挖地乡镇调查结果符合程度高,与冬虫夏草单位草原面积统计产量分布较为一致。这一研究方法可为以后冬虫夏草资源调查提供参考,为冬虫夏草资源评估及区划等相关研究提供方法支持。

Suitability and regionalization of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the Tibetan Plateau

Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a scarce renewable biological resource,is mainly distributed in the alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau. Although it has important medicinal and economic value, the availability of this resource, its spatial distribution pattern, and habitat requirements are not clear. In this study, the altitude, vegetation type, soil type, annual average precipitation, and annual mean temperature across the areas where O. sinensis was found in the Tibetan Plateau were investigated. The distribution of O. sinensis in the Tibetan Plateau was mapped based on spatial analysis undertaken using a GIS. The results showed that Biru and Sog counties in Nagqu, and Banbar, Dengqen, Riwoqe, Jomda,and other counties in Qamdo were classified as suitable areas, and Nagqu, Lhari, Baqen, and Nyainrong counties in Nagqu, Damxung County in Lhasa, and some other areas were less suitable for O. sinensis. Most parts of Xigaze and most low altitude areas of Nyingchi and Shannan were unsuitable. O. sinensis was distributed throughout the Tibetan Plateau, covering approximately 34.5% of the total land area. For example, their distribution in Qamdo and Nagqu accounted for 52.1%-59.3% of the land area of these two cities, and in Shannan, Xigaze, Lhasa, and Nyingchi, it was 13.7%-26.1%. The comprehensive zoning map developed in this study reflects the spatial distribution pattern of O. sinensis in the Tibetan Plateau.This map is highly consistent with the areas where this resource is being well as management of O. sinensis resources. collected from and with the yield obtained. Results from our study can provide a reference for future investigation, assessment, as well as management of O. sinensis resources.