基于绿色GDP和生态足迹的江西省生态效率动态变化研究

生态效率是循环经济与可持续发展的有效测度,其测度方法一直是相关研究领域的热点和难点。鉴于绿色GDP能反映出剔除资源损耗和生态环境影响的国民经济净收益,生态足迹则更能全面地衡量经济发展中消耗的各种物质、能源以及带来的环境影响,基于WBCSD提出的生态效率定义及核算方法,创新性地从绿色GDP和生态足迹的视角改进生态效率度量模型,并以江西省为研究对象,对其2000—2015年间的生态效率变化轨迹及成因进行衡量与分析。结果表明:(1)2000—2015年江西省单位面积生态足迹的绿色GDP即生态效率总体呈上升趋势,15年来提升了4.57倍,与此同时,绿色GDP、生态足迹也呈上升趋势,但绿色GDP的增速明显高于生态足迹的增速;(2)江西省绿色GDP占总的GDP的比例处于不规则波动状态,平均为84.61%,其中自然资源损耗价值、环境退化损失价值和资源环境改善效益也呈不规则波动,三者皆呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,其中自然资源损耗对绿色GDP的影响较为显著;(3)江西省生态足迹不断增加,总生态足迹15年来增加了83.6%,年平均增长率为4.26%,从生态足迹构成来看,各土地利用类型生态足迹均呈波动上升趋势,其中牧草地足迹增长最为显著;(4)江西省生态足迹的主要类型是牧草地足迹、耕地足迹和化石能源用地足迹,其中牧草地足迹比重最大,并且保持波动上升趋势,其次是耕地和化石能源用地足迹,但两者比重均呈小幅下降趋势。从生态效率度量模型的创新性、适应性和生态效率的提高途径等方面进行了详细的探讨。

Changes of eco-efficiency under green GDP and ecological footprints: A dynamic analysis in Jiangxi Province

Ecological efficiency (Eco-efficiency) is considered to be the effective tool of circular economy and sustainable development, and researches have been mostly focusing on the analytical approach of its measurement. While green GDP indicates the net income of a nation, the ecological footprint (eco-footprint) evaluates the materials and energy consumed in the process of economic development as well as the environmental impact. Based on the definition of ecological efficiency and the accounting method proposed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), this study adopts the improved eco-efficiency model which accommodates the ratio of green GDP and the eco-footprint to analyze the changes and driving factors of eco-efficiency during 2000 to 2015 of Jiangxi Province, China. The results show that:(1) In general, the eco-efficiency of Jiangxi Province presents a rising trend and increases by 4.57 times between 2000 and 2015. In addition, the values of the green GDP and eco-footprint have been moving upward fluctuately, and the growth rate of green GDP is significantly higher than that of the eco-footprint. (2) The proportion of green GDP in Jiangxi Province is irregularly fluctuated between 2000 and 2015 with an average value of 84.61%. Among the components of green GDP, the values of natural resource consumption, environmental degradation, as well as the benefit of resource and environmental improvement also irregularly fluctuate and all exhibit a downward trend after several years of rising. Moreover, natural resource consumption has considerable impacts on green GDP. (3) The value of the eco-footprint of Jiangxi Province has been continuously increasing during the period 2000 to 2015 while the total value of the eco-footprint increases by 83.6% over the past 15 years with an average annual growth rate of 4.26%. From the view of the composition of the eco-footprint, all the land type eco-footprints generally show a fluctuately upward trend, and among which the change of the grassland footprint is the most significant. (4) The main types of eco-footprint in the Jiangxi Province are grassland footprints followed by arable land footprints, and fossil energy footprints. The proportion of grassland footprints to the total value of footprints is the largest, with an upward trend. The footprints associated with cultivated land and fossil energy show a slight decline. Finally, the innovation, adaptability, and possible enhancements of eco-efficiency measurement model are discussed in detail.