贵州省松桃县锰矿区洞穴动物群落结构与环境因子的关系

主要选取松桃锰矿区周边大洞、下洞为对象,研究洞穴环境因子与洞穴动物群落的关系,探索两洞穴环境中是否存在重金属Mn污染,对比分析两洞穴动物群落结构,探讨不同重金属、环境因子与两洞穴动物群落之间的相关性是否一致。通过采集,共获标本1274号,其中大洞660号,隶属于5门10纲21目24科26种,下洞614号,隶属于4门7纲15目21科26种。群落多样性分析结果显示,多样性指数由高到底的顺序为群落D(2.4745)C(1.4036)A(1.3549)B(1.1935)E(1.1384)F(0.7265)。分析大洞、下洞洞穴群落多样性与环境因子Pearson相关系数矩阵得出,大洞土壤中As、Mn与物种数均呈显著正相关,P值分别为0.039、0.029,下洞水体中重金属As与物种优势度呈显著正相关(0.021),重金属Mn与多样性指数呈显著负相关(0.044),温度是影响下洞洞穴群落数量、分布的主要原因。重金属污染评价显示,两洞穴水质污染小,土壤中的重金属除Hg达到极严重污染外,其余重金属均未超过中度污染等级。

Study on the relationship between animal community structure and cave environment factors in the Da and Xia caves of the Songtao manganese mine, Guizhou

We investigated the Da and Xia caves in a manganese mine at Songtao County to evaluate the relationship between animal community and cave habitat factors. The heavy metal, manganese (Mn), was tested to verify Mn pollution in the two caves. The animal community structures and their relationships with the cave habitat factors were analyzed and compared between the two caves. A total of 1274 specimens were collected, 660 (5 phyla, 10 classes, 21 orders, and 26 species) from the Da cave and 614 (4 phyla, 7 classes, 15 orders, and 26 species) from the Xia cave. Six communities were grouped (A-F), and their diversity indices were ranked 2.4745 (D), 1.4036 (C), 1.3549 (A), 1.1935 (B), 1.1384 (E), and 0.7265 (F). The results of Pearson correlation revealed that the content of arsenic (As) and Mn in soil correlated positively with species richness in the Da cave. Furthermore, As content was positively correlated with species dominance, and Mn content was negatively correlated with the species diversity index. Temperature was found to be the major factor for animal abundance and distribution. The results indicate that no heavy metal exceeded the moderate pollution level in the water of the two caves, except Hg, which reached high pollution levels.