生态资产核算与生态系统服务评估:概念交汇与重点方向

面向“山水林田湖草”统一管理的现实目标,对生态资产的准确刻画加深了资源管理者和使用者对生态系统服务的认识,是生态系统服务理论从学术研讨向决策实践过渡的重要桥梁。然而,当前的生态资产核算结果仍存在着较大的不确定性,使其决策支持作用受到质疑。基于对生态资产研究近今进展的总结,生态资产实际核算一般取自然资本与生态系统服务的交集分别作为存量和流量。如若将生态资产作为干部离任审计依据,则须把握先实物量后价值量的原则。在当前国际研究中,生态资产已经成为区域景观管理和农户生计决策的重要绩效评估与情景优选工具。完善生态系统服务评估模型、明晰生态系统服务供需关系、规范生态资产价值核算方法、提升生态资产决策支持能力4项内容应引起未来生态资产研究的重点关注。

Ecological asset accounting and ecosystem services evaluation: concept intersection and key research priorities

Toward a realistic goal of integrative management of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands, the concept of ecological assets has aroused attention during the recent years. The accurate characterization of ecological assets can deepen the understanding of ecosystem services for both resource managers and users. Thus, it is an important bridge for the transition of ecosystem services theory from academic research to decision-making practice. However, the current ecological asset accounting results have a high degree of uncertainty, making its decision support function questionable. This study summarizes the progress in ecological asset research from three aspects:conceptual analysis, decision support, and key research content. In the intersection of concepts, the practical cases of ecological asset accounting often consider the intersection of natural capital and ecosystem services, and regard them as stock and flow, respectively. When the ecological assets are used as a basis of audit, the physical quantity of ecological assets should be preferred over monetary value. The ecological assets have already been used as an important performance evaluation and scenario optimization tool for sustainable management of regional landscape and development of livelihood of farmers. Future studies on ecological assets should focus on four aspects-developing ecosystem services evaluation model, detecting the relationships between ecosystem services supply and demand, standardizing ecological asset accounting methods, and improving the decision support capability based on ecological assets.