丰容对圈养雌性岩羊活动时间分配的影响

为了探究环境丰容和食物丰容对岩羊行为和活动节律的影响,于2017年3月—7月,以上海动物园的5只雌性岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)为研究对象,设计环境丰容和食物丰容试验,利用瞬时扫描法对岩羊进行行为学观察,分析岩羊丰容前后昼间行为的变化。结果表明:经过环境丰容,岩羊的运动行为和反刍行为显著增加,卧息行为和其他行为显著减少,取食行为无明显变化。在环境丰容基础上,开展食物丰容后,运动行为明显减少,取食行为明显增加。卧息行为有所减少、反刍行为和其他行为有所增加,但变化均不明显。丰容后岩羊的昼间活动节律也发生了变化。取食行为呈现2个高峰期(8:00—11:00和15:00—18:00),取食行为普遍提高;运动行为在13:30—17:30时段较丰容前提前一个小时左右发生;卧息行为有相似的波动规律,但丰容后其昼间发生频次在16:00之前均降低;反刍行为波动最大,呈现出明显的2个高峰期(6:00—9:00和10:00—15:00)。试验表明,在进行环境和食物丰容后,岩羊的活动增加,优化了时间分配,福利状况得到了有效改善。

Effect of enrichment on activity budgets of captive female blue sheep

In modern zoos, enrichment is now a well-established management practice and a key component in the care of captive animal populations. In order to transform their objectives from pure entertainment to public education, species conservation, and animal welfare, many zoos have accomplished this through enrichment at different levels. In this study, we conducted environmental and feeding enrichment experiments on 5 captive blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Shanghai Zoo, China from March 2017 to July 2017. We used instantaneous sampling methods and analyzed the effect of different forms of enrichment on the activity budgets of captive female blue sheep. We found that the time of motion (P < 0.01) and ruminate (P < 0.01) behaviors significantly increased after adding enrichment equipment, whereas the time allocated for resting (P < 0.01) and other (P < 0.01) behaviors decreased dramatically. After feeding enrichment on the basis of environmental enrichment, the time of motion (P < 0.05) behavior significantly decreased and feeding (P < 0.01) behavior increased dramatically. The time of ruminate (P=0.153) and other (P=0.01) behaviors increased while the time of resting (P=0.05) decreased, but there was no significant variation in time spent on these three behaviors. The daytime activity rhythm of blue sheep changed after enrichment. Feeding behavior increased generally, with the peaks of feeding behavior were recorded at 8:00-11:00 and 15:00-18:00. Motion behavior occurred an hour earlier than before, in the period of 13:30-17:30, and resting behavior had similar fluctuations, but it''s daytime frequency reduced before 16:00. Ruminate behavior had the biggest fluctuation, showing two peaks at 6:00-9:00 and 10:00-15:00. The results of our experiment showed that after the enrichment of environment and food, the activities of blue sheep increased, time allocation was optimized, and animal welfare status improved effectively.