基于农牧业产品和生活用水的京津冀地区水足迹时空特征研究

水足迹将实体水消费和虚拟水消费联系起来,能真实地反映水资源利用的空间差异状况。运用自下而上的方法,分别计算了京津冀地区市级、区县尺度2000—2014年水足迹与人均水足迹,并分析其时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)市级尺度上,北京市水足迹、人均水足迹最高,天津市次之。石家庄市水足迹、人均水足迹相对较高,衡水市水足迹、人均水足迹均相对较低。京津冀市级平均水足迹由2000年的35.88亿m~3增长到2014年的50.82亿m~3,天津市、北京市增长幅度最大。(2)区县尺度上,北京市主城六区水足迹、人均水足迹最高,北京市其他市辖区和天津市主城六区、滨海新区水足迹、人均水足迹次之,石家庄市主城区水足迹、人均水足迹也相对较高。北部燕山山区、西部太行山区及衡水市所辖区县水足迹、人均水足迹最低。京津冀区县平均水足迹由2000年的2.30亿m~3增长为2014年的3.16亿m~3。北京市市辖区水足迹增长幅度最大,天津市市辖区次之。(3)水足迹的构成比例从大到小依次是消费虚拟水量、生活用水量和生态环境用水量,消费虚拟水量约占水足迹的90%。京津冀生态环境用水所占水足迹比例总体呈现增加的趋势,北京市生态环境用水所占水足迹的比例高于天津市和河北省。本文对京津冀地区水足迹的计算与时空变化特征分析,以期为研究京津冀地区城镇化对水资源量的胁迫效应提供参考与依据。

Spatial and temporal patterns of the water footprint in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region with consideration of crop and animal products and domestic water

The water footprint (WF) links the consumption of physical water with virtual water and can truly reflect the spatial differences of water use. In this paper, we used the bottom-up method to calculate the WF and the WF per capita at the city and district/county levels from 2000 to 2014 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Besides, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the WF were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) at the city level, the WF and WF per capita in Beijing were the highest, followed by Tianjin. The WF and WF per capita in Shijiazhuang were relatively high, while they were relatively low in Hengshui. The average WF of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region at the city level increased from 3.588 billion m³ in 2000 to 5.082 billion m³ in 2014, with the largest increase in Tianjin and Beijing. (2) At the district/county level, the WF and WF per capita of Beijing''s six core districts were the highest, followed by Beijing''s other districts, Tianjin''s six core districts, and the Binhai New District. Besides, the WF and WF per capita of the core districts of Shijiazhuang were relatively high. The WF and WF per capita of the counties located in the Yanshan Mountains in the north and Taihang Mountains in the west, and Hengshui were the lowest. The average WF of the counties/districts in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region increased from 230 million m³ in 2000 to 316 million m³ in 2014. The municipal districts of Beijing had the fastest growth in WF, followed by Tianjin. (3) The composition proportion of the WF in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from high to low was virtual water consumption, domestic water consumption, and ecological water consumption. The consumption of virtual water accounted for about 90% of the WF. The proportion of ecological water consumption and WF in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has generally increased, and its proportion in Beijing was higher than that of Tianjin or Hebei. The WF of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was calculated and the characteristics of its spatial and temporal variations were analyzed in this paper, which aimed to provide a reference and basis for studying the coercive effects of urbanization on water resources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.