矿山生态恢复研究进展——基于连续三届的世界生态恢复大会报告

最近连续三届世界生态恢复大会都将矿山生态系统列为大会交流的主题之一。为了解矿山生态修复的最新进展,本文采用文献分析方法和统计分析法,全面对比了这三届大会的论文和报告,包括参会国家、主要机构、热点矿区、修复要素、矿山类型、修复技术等。在此基础上,归纳了新开发的生态修复技术,包括植被恢复、土壤修复和景观恢复等新技术;总结了当前的研究热点,主要有复垦的土壤和修复的植物之间相互作用的机理、矿山生态修复的监测新技术、本土物种保持、污染土壤修复新技术、应对全球气候变化的矿山生态修复新思维和矿山生态系统服务价值等;介绍了会议提出的新观点,如自然恢复和人工恢复选择的新标准、矿山生态恢复力新理论、新型矿山生态系统及其设计等。最后对未来研究趋势进行了预测。

Research progress on mining ecological restoration: based on the report of three consecutive world ecological restoration conferences

On the past three world conferences on Ecological Restoration, mine ecosystem has been continuously listed as one of main themes. The objective of this paper is to explore the latest advances of ecological restoration in mining area. By using the methods of literature analysis and statistical analysis, it compared abstracts and presentations in the three conferences with regards to participating countries, major research institutions, hot mine sites, restoration elements, mine categories, restoration technology, and so on. On this basis, it firstly summarized the new ecological technologies to restore vegetation, soil, and landscape. Then, it introduced the current research hotspots such as the mechanism of interaction between restored soil and plants, new technology in monitoring ecological restoration, maintenance of native species, methods for rehabilitating the contaminated soil, new thought on the ecological restoration against climate change, and the ecosystem service value in mining areas. Moreover, it set forth the new perspectives emerged on those conferences, including new standards for selection of natural restoration and artificial restoration, new theory of ecological resilience, novel ecosystem and its designing in the context of mining area. At last, future research advances were discussed.