我国哺乳动物就地保护状况评估

自然保护区被公认为是生物多样性就地保护最有效的方式之一。基于全国自然保护区基础调查,通过分析我国自然保护区内野生哺乳动物种群数量的分布情况,在全国尺度上对自然保护区内591种哺乳动物的就地保护状况进行了评估。根据评价指标体系,将我国哺乳动物就地保护水平划分为"有效保护""较好保护""一般保护""较少保护""未受保护""保护状况不明""未予评价"等7个等级。结果表明,除未予评价的35种外,其余参评的556种物种中,共有534种在自然保护区内得到一定程度的保护,占总数的90.36%。其中有效保护、较好保护、一般保护、较少保护的物种分别有145、60、100种和229种,分别占总数的24.53%、10.15%、16.92%和38.75%。此外,有22种物种保护状况不明。针对不同保护体系中的哺乳动物的就地保护状况进行评价,研究共涉及国家重点保护野生动物140种和列入中国物种红色名录的427种,其中分别有109种和409种在保护区内得到不同程度的保护。总体来说,虽然有90.36%的哺乳动物在保护区内得到不同程度的保护,但保护状况良好(包括有效保护和较好保护)的比例明显较低,保护状况仍然不容乐观,保护力度有待加强;对于保护状况不明的物种,有必要对保护区开展更加全面、细致的科学考察以进一步确定其保护现状;对于确未受到自然保护区就地保护的物种,需要通过完善保护区网络,将其纳入自然保护体系之中。

Evaluation of in-situ conservation of mammals in China

The establishment of nature reserves is recognized as one of the most effective approaches for the in-situ conservation of biodiversity. In this study, based on the data from basic investigations of nature reserves all over the country, we analyzed populations of wild mammals and their distribution in the nature reserves of China and evaluated the in-situ conservation status of 591 species in nature reserves on a national scale. According to the evaluation index system, we divided the in-situ conservation of wild mammals in nature reserves of China into seven levels, namely "Effectively Protected", "Well Protected", "Moderately Protected", "Less Protected", "Status Unknown", "Not Protected", and "Not Evaluated." Results showed that, among the 591 species of wild mammals, 556 were evaluated and 35 were not. We found that 534 species were protected to different extents, accounting for 90.36% of the 591 species of wild mammals in this study. Among these 534 species, 145 were "Effectively Protected", 60 were "Well Protected", 100 were "Moderately Protected", and 229 were "Less Protected", accounting for 24.53%, 10.15%, 16.92% and 38.75%, respectively, of the 591 species of wild mammals in this study. However, 22 species were classified under "Status Unknown." For the different protection systems, the in-situ conservation status of wild mammals were evaluated, including the 140 and 427 species listed under the national key protection and China Species Red List, respectively, of which 109 and 409 were protected to varying degrees. Although most of the wild mammals had been put under in-situ conservation in nature reserves of China, and most of the key protection wild mammals were well protected, their protection status was still not optimal and their conservation needed to be further intensified as the percentage of efficient protection of wild mammals, including "Effectively Protected" and "Well Protected", was still significantly lower. Regarding species with unknown protection levels, it is necessary to carry out more comprehensive and detailed scientific investigations to determine further their conservation status in the nature reserves. For the species of wild mammals that are unprotected by nature reserves, it is essential to include them in the protection system by improving the network of nature reserves in China to fill the gaps.