神农架国家公园林线过渡带土壤真菌多样性

林线过渡带是陆地生态系统对气候变化响应的敏感区域,研究林线过渡带土壤真菌的群落结构和形成机制,对于预测气候变化对土壤养分循环和维持陆地生态系统功能的影响具有重要意义。利用Illumina高通量测序技术分析了神农架国家公园林线上下的灌木林和针叶林的土壤真菌群落结构和多样性。结果表明,在真菌物种组成上,两种植被类型的土壤优势菌门、属和种类不同,针叶林和灌木林的优势菌门分别是担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和接合菌门(Zygomycota)。除趋势对应分析(DCA)和不相似性检验(Dissimilarity test)表明两种林型的土壤真菌群落结构组成存在显著差异,且针叶林土壤真菌Shannon指数、Chao值和Richness指数均显著(P0.05)高于灌木林。典范对应分析(CCA)和Mantel检验显示土壤真菌群落结构与土壤p H、植物多样性、土壤温度和土壤湿度存在显著相关性。因此,林线过渡带上下的土壤真菌群落结构和多样性存在显著差异,土壤p H、植物多样性、土壤湿度和土壤温度可能是影响土壤真菌群落结构的重要因素。

Soil fungal diversity of the timberline ecotone in Shennongjia National Park

The timberline ecotone is a sensitive area to climate change among the terrestrial ecosystems, and it is vital to study the soil fungal community structure and its formation mechanism in the timberline ecotone to predict the effect of climate change on soil nutrient cycles and to maintain terrestrial ecosystem functions. For this, we collected soil samples from the shrub and coniferous forests of Shennongjia National Park. The soil fungal community structure and diversity were analyzed using the Illumina sequencing method. The results showed that the dominant soil fungal phyla, genera, and species differed between the two forest types. Basidiomycota was the dominant phylum in the coniferous forest, whereas Zygomycota was dominant in the shrub forest. Detrended correspondence analysis and dissimilarity test indicated that their soil fungal communities were significantly different, and the soil fungal diversity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the coniferous forest than in the shrub forest according to the Shannon index, Chao value, and richness index. Canonical correlation analysis and Mantel test indicated that the soil pH, plant diversity, soil moisture, and temperature had significant linkages with the soil fungal community structure. Therefore, the soil fungal community structure and diversity in the timberline ecotone were significantly different, and the factors of soil pH, plant diversity, soil moisture, and temperature were the important environmental factors that shaped the fungal community structure.