同域分布大熊猫和水鹿生境利用分异特征

野生动物的生境利用特征研究是动物生态学核心问题之一,同域分布动物对生境的利用特征及共存机制是其重要组成部分,也是实现珍稀濒危物种保护与栖息地恢复的基础。基于空间利用和生境因子选择差异研究了卧龙自然保护区同域分布大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)和水鹿(Rusa unicolor)的生境利用关系,探讨了同域分布野生动物在生境因子选择和空间利用的分异特征。结果表明:(1)空间利用上,大熊猫和水鹿的空间重叠系数为58.35%,其中,在原始林和次生林生境中的空间重叠系数分别为66.58%和36.64%,二者在原始林中的空间重叠较高;(2)生境因子选择上,大熊猫和水鹿对物理因子的选择有坡位、离小路距离和离水源距离3个变量有显著性差异,对生物因子的选择有乔木密度、灌木盖度、灌木密度、竹林盖度、幼竹密度、幼竹基径、幼竹高度、成竹高度和死竹密度9种变量有显著性差异;(3)大熊猫和水鹿都表现为更偏好原始林生境,但大熊猫对原始林的依赖性更强。分析同域分布动物的生境利用关系有利于深入了解不同动物对资源的空间利用特征及共存机制,可以为保护区制定珍稀野生动物保护和栖息地恢复政策提供科学依据。

Habitat use of differentiation between sympatric giant panda and sambar

Understanding wild animal habitat use is a core issue in animal ecology. The characteristics and coexistence mechanisms affecting the ability of multiple species to utilize the same habitat are fundamental to this understanding, and are also the basis for the conservation and habitat restoration of many rare and endangered species. To investigate the habitat utilization relationship between giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and sambar (Rusa unicolor) in Wolong Nature Reserve, we analyzed differences of space use and habitat selection between the two species. The results showed that:(1) the overlap index of the giant panda and sambar is 58.35%, with 66.58% overlap in primary forest and 36.64% overlap in secondary forest, indicating that the spatial overlap between the two species in primary forest is relatively large; (2) regarding the habitat selection of the panda and sambar, physical factors, including slope position, distance to water, and distance to footpath were significantly different, and biological factors, including tree density, shrub coverage, shrub density, bamboo coverage, young bamboo density, young bamboo basal diameter, young bamboo height, mature bamboo height, and dead bamboo density were also significantly different; and (3) both species appeared to prefer primary forest habitats, but the panda''s dependence on primary forests was stronger. The analysis of the habitat utilization relationships of sympatric species contributes to an in-depth understanding of their space-use characteristics and coexistence mechanisms. Such analyses also provide a scientific basis for the management and conservation of rare species, as well as habitat restoration in protected areas