基于敏感度-主观偏好矩阵的哈尼梯田视觉景观关键区识别

以哈尼梯田遗产核心区主要视觉景观为研究对象,应用GIS技术选取相对坡度、相对距离和出现几率3个客观因子进行景观视觉敏感度分析,运用美景度评价法得到50名专业人士的主观偏好,综合景观视觉敏感度和主观偏好评分,构建敏感度-主观偏好矩阵,将哈尼梯田遗产核心区视觉景观划分为四个区域并提出相应的景观保护、规划建议。结果表明:老虎嘴、麻栗寨茶厂位于敏感度、偏好评价双高的"视觉景观关键区",多依树属于偏好评价高、敏感度低的"自然发展区",黄草岭是敏感度高、偏好评价低的"优先改进区",坝达、箐口、全福庄是敏感度、偏好评价双低的"次优先改进区"。通过构建矩阵结合主客观两方面的评价结果,GIS有效量化抽象的数据,偏好评价真实反映观景者内心感知,为当下的景观视觉评价提供思路。

Key area recognition of Hani Rice Terrace visual landscape based on the Sensitivity-Subjective Preference matrix

Taking the core area of Hani Rice Terraces as the research object, the landscape visual sensitivity (LVS) analysis was carried out using the geographic information system (GIS) technology to select relative objective factors such as relative slope, relative distance, and sight probability. The subjective preference values (SPVs) of 50 professionals in different landscape photographs were obtained by the scenic beauty estimation (SBE) method. Subsequently, using the integrated LVS and SPVs, we constructed a sensitivity-subjective preference matrix, through which the core area of the Hani Rice Terraces was divided into four districts and corresponding landscape protection and planning suggestions were proposed. The results showed that the values of sensitivity and preference were both high at the Laohuzui and Malizhai tea factory. At Duoyishu, the value of preference was high, but that of sensitivity was low. The sensitivity of Huangcaoling was high but the preference value was low. For Bada, Qingkou, and Quanfuzhuang both preference evaluation and sensitivity showed lower values. In this study, we constructed a matrix to combine the subjective and objective data, i.e., effectively quantified data through GIS and preference evaluation of the perceptions of tourists. This paper presents ideas for landscape visual evaluation.