城市再生视野下高密度城区生态空间规划方法——以厦门本岛立体绿化专项规划为例

面对快速城市化进程中城市高密度地区生态空间缺乏、布局支离破碎的问题,从规划层面分析了其问题的症结所在;提出屋顶绿化与城市绿地系统联动互补,是针对城市高密度地区生态环境受损严重以及土地资源紧缺的约束条件下,建构生态空间网络的有效途径;并以厦门本岛为研究区,基于GIS、遥感技术,利用高清遥感数据结合实地调研、问卷调查、部门资料、规划文本建立现状及规划空间数据库;从既有研究梳理、综合效益影响、城市发展诉求分析3个层面总结屋顶绿化实施潜力影响因子,结合规划分区与建筑分类建立实施潜力评估方法;对研究区进行屋顶绿化实施潜力评估,结合城市绿地系统,以"全域空间、重点片区、多维网络"为方法进行研究区生态空间网络规划。结果表明:1)生态结构完善、城市功能优化、公共服务需求、环境改善需求、建筑属性特征、建筑产权归属是屋顶绿化实施潜力评估要素,其包含的城市生态框架、城市功能结构、景观提升需求、建筑改造需求、内涝程度、热岛强度、微气候环境、建筑高度、建筑年代、建筑类型、建筑产权属性是关键性评估因子;2)厦门本岛2016年屋顶绿化率仅有2%,且附属于居住建筑和城中村的屋顶绿化量超过总量的一半,商业、公共、产业建筑作为空间载体进行屋顶绿化有较大发展空间,未绿化的屋顶资源中有81.3%适宜进行屋顶绿化;3)探索高密度城区生态空间网络布局的规划方法是本研究的第一步,下一步通过借助AI、GIS等技术,尝试防控高强度开发与高危集聚引发的城市生态和灾害问题,构建满足复合功能的生态空间网络优化的研究方法。

Research on ecological spatial planning method in high-density area under the urban regeneration vision: a case study of a three-dimensional greening plan on Xiamen Island

High-density areas are facing the problems of a lack of eco-space and fragmented layouts due to rapid urbanization. This study, in analyzing the main issues in the planning domain, proposes that roof greening as a complementation can be integrated into urban green systems, and aims to construct an eco-space network in a high-density city area with a deteriorated ecological environment and shortage of land resources. The present study uses Xiamen Island as the research area, and utilizes geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technology to establish the status of the area and plan the space database by using remote sensing data, field surveys, questionnaires, departmental data, and planning texts. From the three aspects of existing research combing, comprehensive benefits, and urban development appeal analysis, this study summarized the impact factors of roof greening implementation potential, integrated planning divisions, and building classifications to establish a method of assessing implementation potential; we assessed the potential of roof greening implementation in the study area, and achieved eco-space network planning combined with urban green-space systems by taking "global space, key areas, and multidimensional networks" into consideration. The results indicated that 1) ecological structure, urban function optimization, public service demand, environmental improvement demand, architectural characteristics, and architectural property ownership as the evaluation elements of potential for roof greening implementation, including the urban ecological framework, urban functional structure, landscape upgrade demand, building renovation demand, urban internality degree, heat island intensity, microclimate environment, building height, building age, building type, and architectural property attributes as key evaluation factors. 2) In 2016, the roof greening rate of buildings on Xiamen Island was only 2%, with more than half attached to residential buildings and urban villages. Commercial, public, and industrial buildings had a lot of potential space for roof greening, and among the remaining buildings, 81.3% were suitable for roof greening. 3) The first step of the study was to explore the method of planning the eco-space network in the high-density urban area. Next, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) and GIS, we aimed to build a research method for optimizing an eco-space network with multiple functions, in order to prevent the urban environmental damage and ecological disaster caused by high-intensity development and high-risk agglomeration.