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不同水淹深度对鄱阳湖洲滩湿地植物生长及营养繁殖的影响
引用本文:李文,王鑫,潘艺雯,刘以珍,何亮,张欢,应智霞,刘颖,葛刚.不同水淹深度对鄱阳湖洲滩湿地植物生长及营养繁殖的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(9):3014-3021.
作者姓名:李文  王鑫  潘艺雯  刘以珍  何亮  张欢  应智霞  刘颖  葛刚
作者单位:南昌大学生命科学学院;鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31260110,31560143);江西省水利厅重大科技项目(KT201505);江西省科技计划项目(20122BBG70074)
摘    要:水淹深度是影响湿地植物生长和繁殖的关键因子,不同湿地植物对淹水深度存在着不同响应。然而,在水情不断变化的背景下,鄱阳湖洲滩湿地植物种群和群落如何变化还不清楚。为了探究淹水深度对湿地植物生长的影响,并预测鄱阳湖洲滩湿地植被分布的趋势,采用控制实验模拟了不同水淹深度(0、0.5、1 m和2 m)下鄱阳湖湿地3种优势植物(灰化薹草(Carex cinerascens)、南荻(Miscanthus lutarioriparius)和虉草(Phalaris arundinacea))的生长和繁殖情况。实验结果表明:1)水淹对灰化薹草总生物量的影响最显著。遭受水淹时,灰化薹草把大部分的生物量集中在地下部分;随着水淹深度逐渐增加,南荻的生物量逐渐减少;不同深度水淹对虉草生物量没有产生显著影响(P0.05)。就生物量而言,虉草对水淹的适应性强于其他两种植物。2)不同水淹深度下,灰化薹草的株高都显著降低;而南荻只在2 m水淹梯度下株高才显著降低。在枯水年时,下降的水位有利于南荻向较低高程迁移。3)不同深度水淹对灰化薹草的分株没有产生显著影响(P0.05);而虉草在经过2 m水淹后分株数显著高于其他水淹深度。在丰水年时,相比于灰化薹草和南荻,升高的水位对虉草的繁殖影响较小。在一个水位周期性变化的湿地生态系统中,不同深度的水淹对植物的生长及退水后的繁殖产生了严重影响,研究结果为预测水文变化对湿地植被的生存和分布提供了重要的依据。

关 键 词:灰化薹草  南荻  虉草  水淹深度  恢复生长
收稿时间:2017/3/28 0:00:00
修稿时间:2018/1/10 0:00:00

Effects of different water depths on the growth and vegetative reproductive characteristics of wetland vegetation in Lake Poyang
LI Wen,WANG Xin,PANG Yiwen,LIU Yizhen,HE Liang,ZHANG Huan,YING Zhixi,LIU Ying and GE Gang.Effects of different water depths on the growth and vegetative reproductive characteristics of wetland vegetation in Lake Poyang[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(9):3014-3021.
Authors:LI Wen  WANG Xin  PANG Yiwen  LIU Yizhen  HE Liang  ZHANG Huan  YING Zhixi  LIU Ying and GE Gang
Institution:Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China,Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China,Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China,Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China,Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China,Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China,Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China,Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China and Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China
Abstract:Water depth is a key factor that affects the growth and reproduction of wetland vegetation. Different types of wetland vegetation respond to flooding in different ways. It has been known that the hydrological regime is highly dynamic in the Poyang Lake; however, how the wetland vegetation population and community changes along with the varying water depth is still not well understood. To explore the underlying influence of water depth on the growth of wetland vegetation, a control experiment was carried out to determine the growth and reproduction of three dominant wetland plants (Carex cinerascens, Miscanthus lutarioriparius,and Phalaris arundinacea) in the Poyang Lake wetland under different water depths (0, 0.5, 1 m, and 2 m). The results showed that 1) water depth had the most significant influence on the total biomass of C. cinerascens, and the biomass of C. cinerascens was concentrated in the underground parts during the flooding; the biomass of M. lutarioriparius gradually decreased as the water depth increased. On the other hand, water depth had no significant impact on the biomass of P. arundinacea (P>0.05). In terms of biomass, P. arundinacea had greater adaptability to flooding than the other two plants. 2) Plant height of C. cinerascens was significantly reduced under flooding conditions. Plant height of M. lutarioriparius was reduced only under a water depth of 2 m.These findings suggest that in low flow years, the decreased water level may help M. lutarioriparius to migrate to a lower elevation. 3) The water depth had no obvious impact on the ramets of C. cinerascens (P>0.05). However, the number of ramets of P. arundinacea was greatest when grown under a water depth of 2 m. These results demonstrate that in high flow years, the elevated water level has less impact on the reproduction of P. arundinacea. Above all, in a wetland ecosystem with periodic flooding, the depth has a significant impact on the growth and reproduction of wetland vegetation during the flooding period. Our results provide important clues for further study of the survival and distribution of wetland vegetation.
Keywords:Carex cinerascens  Miscanthus lutarioriparius  Phalaris arundinacea  water depths  recovery growth
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