京津唐城市生态系统能值比较

运用能值(emergy)分析方法,以京津冀地区的北京、天津、唐山为研究对象,建立了复合生态系统与可持续发展的能值指标,对3个城市1991～2005年自然环境与社会经济可持续发展状况进行了比较分析.研究结果表明:1991～2005年期间,由于北京、天津的本地资源能值对经济发展的驱动力不足,城市发展对外部输入能值的依赖程度越来越高;北京、天津、唐山社会子系统的能值指标均呈上升趋势,城市居民生活水平和经济发展水平不断提高;北京经济子系统的各项指标均优于天津和唐山,但环境子系统和能值可持续指标体现出,北京的环境压力最大、可持续发展能力低于天津和唐山.在此分析基础上,对北京、天津、唐山的可持续发展提出了几点建议,为制定城市发展策略和产业调整提供科学依据.

Emergy-based comparative analysis of urban ecosystem in Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan

Employing the emergy analytical method and taking Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan of the "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei" region as the research objects, this paper establishes the emergy indexes of complex ecosystem and sustainable development, and conducts the comparative analysis of natural environments and socioeconomic sustainable development in these three cities from the year 1991 to 2005.The results show that, from 1991 to 2005, since local resources emergy in Beijing and Tianjin has provided insufficient driving forces to regional economic development, urban development of these two cities has seen increasing independence on external resources; the emergy indexes of social subsystem in these three cities are on the rise, indicating the steadily improved both living standards for urban residents and economic development levels; and the indexes of economic development level in Beijing are superior to those of Tianjin and Tangshan, but the emergy indexes of environment subsystem and sustainable development suggest that Beijing has the heaviest environmental pressure among these three cities, and its sustainable development capacities are lower than those of Tianjin and Tangshan. Based on this analysis of the three cities, several proposals concerning the sustainable development of Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan are put forward to provide scientific grounds for formulation of urban development strategies and industrial restructuring.