厦门湾中华白海豚潜在生态廊道识别及人类活动干扰评估

生态廊道具有维持或恢复生态连通性的功能，对于连接生物栖息地、保护物种多样性具有重要意义。现有的生态廊道研究主要集中于陆地，而海洋生态系统具有水体广泛连通、缺乏直观的景观斑块等特点，导致海洋生态廊道的研究成为长期以来的科学难题。以栖息地位于厦门湾的国家一级保护动物中华白海豚（Sousa chinensis）为对象，尝试基于物种分布模型和最小成本路径分析法建立海洋生态廊道的识别方法。研究采用物种分布模型识别厦门湾内中华白海豚的适宜生境分布区和节点，并利用模型产出的生境适宜性结果生成海洋中的阻力表面，模拟计算节点与节点间在阻力表面上的最小成本路径，从而生成物种扩散网络。研究结果显示，厦门湾中华白海豚的分布主要受到航道距离、到岸线距离和叶绿素浓度三项因素的影响，主要适宜生境位于西海域至九龙江口和大嶝海域。潜在的核心生态廊道面积93.19km²，次级生态廊道面积170.41km²，九龙江口-鼓浪屿南侧-黄厝-大小嶝岛沿线可能是厦门湾中华白海豚的主要迁移路线。在此基础上，从用海空间重叠和桥梁影响两方面开展了人类活动对廊道的干扰评估。评估结果显示旅游活动和航运活动可能是中华白海豚生态廊道的主要影响来源，其中核心廊道受旅游活动影响更大，次级廊道受航运活动的影响更大。此外，厦门岛北部的桥梁亦可能会影响中华白海豚生态廊道的连通性。研究创新性地提出了海洋生态廊道的空间定量化识别方法并成功应用于厦门湾中华白海豚研究，研究结果可为我国海洋生物多样性保护、海洋保护区的空间规划等领域提供新的科学工具。

Identification of potential ecological corridors for Sousa chinensis in Xiamen Bay and assessment of anthropogenic disturbance

Ecological corridors have the function of maintaining or restoring ecological connectivity, and are important for connecting the biological habitats and protecting species diversity. Existing studies on ecological corridors have mainly focused on land, while marine ecosystems are characterised by extensive water connectivity and lack of visual landscape patches, making the study of marine ecological corridors a long-standing scientific challenge. In this study, the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), a national level protected species in Xiamen Bay, was used as the target, and a method for identifying marine ecological corridors was developed based on the species distribution model and the least-cost path analysis. The study used a species distribution model to identify suitable habitat areas and nodes for Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in the Xiamen Bay, and used the habitat suitability results of the model to generate a resistance surface in the ocean and simulate the least-cost path between nodes and nodes on the resistance surface, so as to generate a species dispersal network. The results showed that the distribution of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in Xiamen Bay was mainly influenced by three factors:channel distance, distance to shoreline, and chlorophyll concentration, while the main suitable habitats were located in the western waters to the mouth of Jiulong River and Dadeng waters. The potential core ecological corridor covered an area of 93.19 km² and the secondary ecological corridor covered an area of 170.41 km². The route along Jiulong River Estuary-south of Gulangyu Islet-Huangcuo-Dadeng Island and Xiaodeng Island may be the main migration route of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in Xiamen Bay. On this basis, the assessment of the disturbance of human activities on the corridor was carried out in terms of the overlapping of sea-use space and the impact of bridges. The assessment results indicate that tourism and shipping activities are likely to be the main sources of impacts on the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ecological corridor, with the core corridor being more influenced by tourism activities and the secondary corridor being more influenced by shipping activities. In addition, the bridges in the northern part of Xiamen Island may also affect the connectivity of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ecological corridor. This study innovatively proposes a spatially quantified identification method for marine ecological corridors and successfully applies it to the study of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin in Xiamen Bay. The results of this study can provide new scientific tools for the conservation of marine biodiversity and the spatial planning of marine protected areas in China.