生物多样性保护优先区抽样调查策略研究——以武陵山地区为例

生物多样性保护优先区是我国为加强生物多样性保护和监管划定的重要区域，目前部分优先区已陆续开展生物本底资料的调查评估工作，但受限于经费、时间等条件，对区内所有县域或网格全覆盖式科考，既不现实也无必要，因而区域尺度的抽样设计是一个亟需解决的关键问题。以武陵山生物多样性保护优先区为例，结合层次聚类和系统抽样方法，同时考虑历史调查资料的系统完整程度和空间保护属性，提出了一个科学可行的抽样方案。首先将研究区域内的所有县域聚为5类，每类挑选出2个重点县域，共获得6个历史上进行过系统科学考察的县域和4个本底资料相对缺乏的县域，进而挑选出76个重点调查网格（10 km×10 km），其中生物多样性富集网格36个，保护区外的人类干扰网格40个，抽样比例为11.09%，每个网格平均调查经费为2.52万元。该抽样策略区分了调查层次并突出重点区域，使调查和评估更有针对性，进一步完善了保护优先区基础调查系统，也强化了项目管理能力，对其他保护优先区项目开展具有一定参考价值。

Sampling survey strategy in biodiversity conservation priority areas: the case of Wuling Mountains

The biodiversity conservation priority areas are the important areas designated by China to strengthen biodiversity protection and supervision. At present, some priority areas have successively carried out investigation and evaluation of biodiversity background data. However, the full coverage of all counties or grids in the survey area is neither realistic nor necessary due to the limited funding, time and other conditions. Given that, the sampling design at the regional scale becomes a key issue that needs to be resolved. Taking the biodiversity conservation priority area in the Wuling Mountains as an example, we proposed a scientific and feasible sampling plan by combining hierarchical clustering and systematic sampling. Simultaneously, the systematic integrity of historical survey data and spatial attribute for conservation was also considered. We firstly grouped all counties in the study area into five categories, then selected 2 key counties for each category. According to the above principles, we obtained 6 counties that once investigated scientifically and 4 counties with a relative lack of survey data. Finally, 76 key survey grids (10 km×10 km) were selected, including 36 biodiversity enrichment grids and 40 human disturbance grids outside the protected areas, with a sampling ratio of 11.09%. The average survey funding for each grid was 25,200 RMB. By the stratified sampling and emphasizing on key areas, the surveys and assessments become more target-oriented. The sampling strategy improved the basic survey system of conservation priority areas, strengthened the capacity of project management, and provided a paradigm for other conservation priority areas.