植被群落特征对城市生态系统服务的影响研究进展

生态空间（林地、灌木、草地、水体）所产生的生态系统服务极大的改善了人类的生存环境,在城市绿地破碎化日益严重、绿地质量逐渐降低、乡土植物逐渐减少、入侵风险逐渐加剧等生态背景下,如何维持稳定而持续增长的城市生态系统服务供给,一直困扰着当下从事城市生态学领域研究的学者和城市管理者。植被群落作为城市绿地系统的基本组成单元,在绿地破碎化趋势下,可作为研究内容来探讨城市生态系统服务维持或提升策略;植被群落泛指城市中常见的、具有明显边界的、按照一定分布规则的植物群落单元,既包括道路绿地、居住区绿地、公园绿地等,也包括城市郊野自然林地。但对植被群落生态功能的研究也多停留在对某一生态问题的简单相关性研究,缺乏系统性和整体性。从微观层面的植被群落角度,整合相关文献研究,介绍了受植被群落特征影响的6种典型城市生态系统服务,综述了植被群落特征对这6种城市生态系统服务的影响机理,对植被群落特征因子进行总结、归类,从树种特性、垂直结构、水平结构、其他4个角度构建了"植被群落特征因子对城市生态系统服务影响关系表"。最后面向典型生态系统服务提升提出了城市低质量植被群落地区的营建和更新原则,以期为今后城市园林部门、规划部门制定城市绿地系统规划提供基础性技术支撑。

Research Advances in the impact of vegetation community characteristics on urban ecosystem services

The ecosystem services generated by ecological spaces (woodlands, shrubs, grasslands, and water bodies) have greatly improved the human living environment. In the context of increasing fragmentation of urban green spaces, decreasing quality of green spaces, diminishing native plants and increasing risk of invasion, how to maintain a stable and sustainable increase in the supply of urban ecosystem services has been troubling scholars and urban managers. As a basic component of urban green space systems, vegetation communities can be used as a research component to explore strategies for maintaining or enhancing urban ecosystem services in the context of green space fragmentation; vegetation communities refer to common urban plant community units with distinct boundaries and according to certain distribution rules, including both road green space, residential green space and park green space, as well as natural woodland in the urban countryside. while studies on the ecological functions of vegetation communities were mostly confined to simple correlation studies of a certain ecological problem, lacking in a systematic and holistic approach. This paper introduces six typical urban ecosystem services that are influenced by vegetation community characteristics from the perspective of urban vegetation communities at the micro level, integrating relevant literature studies. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms by which vegetation community characteristics affect these six urban ecosystem services, and a summary and categorisation of vegetation community characteristics factors. A table of relationships between vegetation community characteristics and urban ecosystem services was then constructed from four perspectives:tree species characteristics, vertical structure, horizontal structure and others. Finally, the principles for the establishment and renewal of urban low-quality vegetation communities are proposed for the enhancement of typical ecosystem services, with the aim of providing basic technical support for urban landscape departments and planning departments in their future planning of urban green space systems.