黑龙江省黄鼬冬季毛被分层结构及保温功能

为了解黄鼬毛被的保温机制,选取黑龙江省通河林区黄鼬东北亚种(Mustela sibirica manchurica)冬季皮张,通过观测雄性5个部位和雌性4个部位毛被的分层结构,并结合热物性测试比对,发现了毛被的各层结构具有不同的保温隔热功能且存在部位差异。结果表明:1)毛被由外及里表现出4层结构,各层毛被厚度分别为:(12.7±3.0)mm、(6.0±1.8)mm、(5.5±2.2)mm和(1.4±0.5)mm。2)4层毛被的颜色、结构及保温机制依次为:最外层毛被棕黄色或金黄色,仅由2种类型被毛构成,耐磨损能力较强,保护下层毛被,阻挡冷空气侵入并降低毛被的热量散失;第二层毛被淡黄色,此层开始均由4种类型被毛构成,毛干细度较小,被毛间形成细小空隙,滞留大量静止空气,增强保温功能;第三层毛被灰色或灰白色,4种类型被毛的毛干更细,绒针毛和绒毛弯曲程度更大,使被毛间滞留静止空气的能力更强、更稳定,保温能力更强;最内层毛被为白色,为近毛根处,4种类型被毛均较直,便于热量传递。3)4层毛被的对整体的贡献率分别为:16.11%、27.40%、44.40%和12.09%。4)背面毛被较腹面的颜色深,厚度大,保温能力强;沿吻端至尾基的体轴方向毛被厚度增加,保温性增强。5)雄性毛被较雌性的厚度大,保温能力强。以上,反映了黄鼬冬季多部位毛被由表及里不同的空间布局及各层毛呈现的不同的形态结构,从整体上兼顾保护、保温、散热等多种功能,以适应当地的寒冷环境。

The structure and thermal insulation capability of Mustela sibirica manchurica winter pelage in Heilongjiang Province

In order to explore the relationship between the fur structure and their function of thermal insulation, we selected 3 female and 3 male winter pelages of Mustela sibirica manchurica in Tonghe forest of Heilongjiang province,and studied their hair structure and the thermal character,and then five results were found out.Firstly,there are four layers from the hair tips to the skin surface,whose colours are dark yellow or golden yellow,light yellow,gray or light gray and white.Secondly,the layer thickness proportions are 44%-54%,21%-26%,17%-25% and 4%-9%.Thirdly,the compositions of four layers are different,which first layer are made of three kinds of awn hair and other layers are made of the upper hair and vellus.Forthly,the structures of four layers are different also.On the first layer,the awn tips cover the surface of the whole coat;on the second layer,the straight awn and the awn erect and grew thinner,while the vellus awn and vellus curve;on the third layer, the straight awn and the awn erect and grew much tinner than above, while the vellus awn and vellus curve, in a greater extent;on the fourth layer,hair are strong with a hi-density.Finally,after we removed each layer one by one,the ability of containing heat decrease respectively by 24.63%,26.24%,34.43% and 5.41%.The layering structure of fur results from the evolution with the cold environment.Due to the coordination of every layers,the whole winter pelage can insulate more thermal energy.