湿地资源保护经济学分析——以北京野鸭湖湿地为例

湿地资源保护是全球生态保护的核心问题之一。在分析湿地资源保护的经济属性的基础上,以北京市野鸭湖湿地为案例,运用经济学的理论和方法以及清晰的图表重点分析了野鸭湖湿地资源保护过程中的外部性以及资源利用中成本与收益两个问题。研究结果表明:(1)从正外部性分析,个人收益小于社会收益,个人保护的湿地资源小于社会最优量,会造成湿地资源保护的不足;从负外部性分析,个人成本小于社会成本,个人对湿地资源的利用水平大于社会最优利用水平,造成湿地资源的过度利用;(2)根据湿地资源利用的成本收益分析结果,"搭便车"行为会造成湿地资源的退化甚至恶化;(3)明晰产权有利于湿地资源配置效率的提高。研究结果可以为中国湿地保护过程中出现的资源利用矛盾提供有益的借鉴,特别是为保护北京野鸭湖湿地提供理论支撑和政策建议。

Economic analysis of wetland resource protection: a case study of Beijing Wild Duck Lake

Wetlands ecological system protection is one of the core parts of global ecological protection. Based on the analysis of the connotation of the wetland ecosystem protection, this paper analyses the wetland ecosystem supply-demand and cost-benefit in protection process through the theory and method of economics. The results of the study show that: first, due to the influence of the artificial factor, the wetland ecosystem supply is reducing ,and at the same time, the wetland ecological functions demand is increasing; Secondly, the wetland ecosystem protection cost-benefit analysis shows that the earnings growth is not obvious in short-term, only after ongoing continued costs, long-term benefits can be obtained. With the conclusions above the suggestions showed below: (1)Establish and perfect the wetland resources protection laws; (2) Strengthen the publicity of the wetland protection education; (3) Punish the behavior of the wetland resources damage; (4) Increase the wetland protection input.