梨园芳香植物间作区节肢动物群落时序格局

以沙地梨园间作罗勒、孔雀草、薄荷为处理,自然生草和清耕区为对照,应用最优分割法和模糊聚类法,探讨梨园节肢动物群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落发生的时序格局特征及其相互联系。结果表明:总群落、害虫亚群落以及其优势种个体数时序变化趋势呈偏态分布,而天敌亚群落以及其优势种个体数的呈正态分布,高峰期出现在6月末至7月中旬,比总群落和害虫亚群落个体数发生高峰晚。在梨树年生长周期的主要时段中,芳香植物间作区较自然生草区、清耕区害虫亚群落的发生数量(4月中至8月底)少;而天敌亚群落发生数量(4月底至6月底)多。梨园各间作区节肢动物总群落和害虫亚群落时序最优格局均可划分5个时段:发展初期、发展期、稳定期、波动期和衰退期;天敌亚群落分为3个时段:发展期、稳定期、衰退期。但处理间在发生时段的时间范围、发生数量及组成特征上存在复杂的差异。梨园节肢动物总群落、害虫亚群落、天敌亚群落时序聚类结果不同,预示着处理间节肢动物总群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落在各发生时段上的个体组成、物种丰富度、群落多样性指数、优势度和均匀度指数存在着差异。

Temporal structures of arthropod community of intercropping aromatic plants in pear orchard

Intercropping Ocimum Basilicum L. (Tr1), Tagetes patula L.(Tr2), Saturela hortensis L.(Tr3) in pear orchard were taken as there treatments and natural sward (Tr4) and clean tillage (Tr5) as control, the research based on optimal partitioning method and cluster analysis, the temporal structures and affiliation of arthropod general community, pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community in the different intercropping plots were analyzed systematically. The results showed that the community composition and dominance species composition of the arthropod general community, pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community were dissimilitude. The individual number of community and dominance species of the arthropod general community, pest sub-community showed a skewed distribution, nevertheless, natural enemy sub-community showed normal distribution, and the individual number peak of natural enemy sub-community was the end of June to mid-July, posterior to the arthropod general community and pest sub-community. In mainly stage of the pear growing period, individual numbers of pest sub-community in intercropping aromatic plants treatments were less than that of natural sward and clean tillage treatments(mid-April to last August), and those of natural enemy sub-community were more(last April to last June). The optimization stage of the arthropod general community, pest sub-community in the different treatments of pear orchard were divided into five stages, namely, initial development stage, development stage, stationary stage, fluctuation stage, and decline stage, and natural enemy sub-community were divided into there stages, namely, development stage, stationary stage, decline stage, whereas time range, quantity and structure characteristics of the different treatments were complicated discrepancy. The clustering distinctness of arthropod general community, pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community suggested that the individuals, abundance, diversity, dominance and evenness were discrepancy in different stages of arthropod community in different treatments.