厦门市生态安全格局识别与生态管控区分级管控

生态控制区是防止城市建设无序蔓延,保障城市生态安全的重要生态空间。对城市生态控制区进行分级管控能够充分发挥其在维护城市生态安全,促进城市建设与生态保护协同发展等方面的作用。研究基于多源数据融合手段,采用"生态系统服务重要性-生态敏感性-景观连通性"评价结果识别生态源地,采用最小累积阻力模型（Minimum Cumulative Resistance,MCR）判定生态廊道和生态节点,形成了点-线-面交汇的生态安全格局网络,并将其应用于厦门市生态控制区分级划定。研究结果表明,厦门市生态源地共有17处,面积为604.19 km²,约占厦门市陆域面积的35.54%,包括陆域生态保护红线、水源保护地、森林公园等区域;提取主要生态廊道15条,长度为152.84 km,主要为连接生态源地与海洋的山海生态廊道;设置生态节点22个,主要为生态源地范围外的小面积重要保护区域和具有明确生态保护目标的区域。依据生态安全格局将厦门市生态控制区划分为三级管控区域,其中,生态源地、生态廊道以及生态节点划入一级管控区,面积占比为69.48%;一级管控区外的生态重要区和林地划入二级管控区,面积占比为10.15%;生态控制区内的其他区域划入三级管控区,面积占比为20.37%。在此基础上提出了分级管控建议,以期为厦门市实现生态控制区高水平保护与城市高质量发展提供重要参考和借鉴。

Identification of ecological security pattern and hierarchical management of ecological control area in Xiamen

The ecological control area is importantly ecological space of preventing the disorderly spread of urban construction and guaranteeing the ecological security of city. The hierarchical management of the ecological control area can play a full role in maintaining urban ecological security and promoting the coordinated development of urban construction and ecological protection. Based on multi-source data fusion, this study used the method of ecosystem service importance-ecological sensitivity-landscape connectivity to identify ecological source areas, and used the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model to determine ecological corridors and important ecological nodes. With the interlacing of points, lines and faces, an ecological security pattern network is constructed to adopt to the ecological control areas hierarchical division in Xiamen. The results show that there are 17 ecological source areas in Xiamen, covering area of 604.19 km², accounting for 35.54% of the area of Xiamen, including the ecological red line area, water source protection areas, and forest parks etc. The number of key ecological corridors is 15, with a length of 152.84 km, which are mainly mountain and sea ecological corridors connecting the main ecological source with the sea. The number of ecological nodes is 22, which are mainly small important protection areas outside the ecological source area and areas with clear ecological protection objectives. According to the ecological security pattern, the ecological control areas of Xiamen are classified into three levels. The ecological source area, ecological corridor and ecological node can be classified into the first-level control area, accounting for 69.48% of the total area. The ecologically important areas and forestland outside the first-level control area can be classified into the second-level control area, accounting for 10.15%. The other areas within the ecological control area are classified into the third-level control area, accounting for 20.37%. On this basis, suggestions on hierarchical management and control are put forward in order to provide important reference for Xiamen to realize high-level protection of ecological management and control areas and high-quality development of the city.