斑纹小贻贝(Mytella strigata)基础生物学与生物入侵

生物入侵是继栖息地破坏之后，全球生物多样性丧失的第二大驱动因素。近年来，原产于南美洲地区的斑纹小贻贝（Mytella strigata）在印度-西太平洋海区被陆续报道，而我国台湾、广东、海南、福建、广西等省份同样发现斑纹小贻贝，且其已经建立可自我维持的种群。但是，作为一种新型入侵生物，斑纹小贻贝尚未引起国内海洋管理部门和科研人员足够重视，亟待查明其在我国沿海的分布现状、扩散趋势和生态影响等，为斑纹小贻贝的检测、监测、防控和管理提供科学依据。综述了斑纹小贻贝的基础生物学特征和全球生物入侵现状，发现国内的斑纹小贻贝源于南美洲加勒比海地区，于2014年左右通过船舶压舱水或船体生物污损的形式侵入我国南方沿海并迅速扩散。此外，斑纹小贻贝在我国的生物入侵处于"引进-传播"阶段，即将大规模扩繁，因此亟需开展应急清除行动。

The basic biology and biological invasion of Mytella strigata

Biological invasion is the secondly major driver of global biodiversity loss after habitat destruction. Native to the South America, Mytella strigata has been reported in the Indo-Western Pacific regions in recent years, and it has been found in coastal provinces of China, including Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, and Guangxi, with self-sustaining populations. However, as a new invasive species, M. strigata has not drawn enough attention in China, and its distribution status, spread trend and ecological impact need to be determined urgently to provide scientific evidences for detection, monitoring, prevention, and management of M. strigata. This study summarizes the basic biology and globally biological invasion of M. strigata, proposing that M. strigata in China originated from the Caribbean of South America and invaded to the southern coastal China around 2014 via the ship ballast water or biological fouling hull. Besides, the biological invasion of M. strigata in China currently is in the stage of "Widespread to Dominant" and it''s about to exponential increase. As a result, emergency clean action needs to be carried out.