春沼生态系统概述及其研究进展

小微湿地是全球最重要的淡水栖息地之一，其价值不仅在于单个小微湿地，而是由多种小微湿地构成的流域小微湿地网络，发挥着非常重要的淡水生物多样性保育功能。春沼作为自然界一种独特的临时性小微湿地类型，是流域小微湿地网络的重要组成部分，提供了多种生态服务功能。但迄今为止对于春沼生态系统，国内外相关研究较少，这类特殊而又重要的小微湿地生态系统尚未引起足够的重视。阐述了春沼的概念和形成原因，对春沼生态系统干湿交替的水文特征，以及物种组成、群落结构、生物多样性和群落动态等春沼生物群落特征进行了概述，探讨了春沼维持流域淡水生物多样性、提供物种生境、水文调节和均化洪水、净化水质和其他生态系统服务，在此基础上讨论了春沼生态系统研究存在的问题与不足，对该领域研究的未来发展方向给出了建议。

An overview and research progress of the vernal pool ecosystem

Small and micro wetlands are one of the most important freshwater habitats in the world. Their value lies not only in a single wetland but also in a watershed small and micro wetland network composed of a variety of small and micro wetlands, which play a significant role in freshwater biodiversity conservation. As a unique type of temporary small and micro wetland type in nature, the vernal pool is an essential part of the small and micro wetland network in the watershed, providing variously ecological service functions and making an essential contribution to human society. Nevertheless, there are few relevant studies on the vernal pool ecosystem at home and abroad, and this unique and vital small and micro wetland ecosystem has not attracted enough attention. This paper expounded on the concept and formation reasons of the vernal pool, and simultaneously summarized the hydrological characteristics of dry wet alternation of the vernal pool ecosystem. As well as revealed the characteristics of the vernal pool biological community, such as species composition, community structure, biodiversity, and community dynamics. The vernal pool can provide various ecosystem services, the maintenance of freshwater biodiversity in the watershed, the provision of species habitat, and hydrological regulation. Also, as the purification of water quality, other ecosystem services cannot be ignored. On this basis, problems and deficiencies in the research of the vernal pool ecosystem are discussed, and suggestions for the future development direction of this field are given.