基于水-陆耦合生态系统服务的生态安全格局构建研究——以长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区为例

快速城市化和国土空间规划大背景下,评估区域生态系统服务、构建生态安全格局是实现城市精细化发展的有效手段。本研究立足生态系统服务供给效能,以长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区为例,从陆域、水域两个层面进行量化计算,构建水-陆耦合生态系统服务综合评价体系,将高供给区域识别为生态源地,并基于MCR模型和电路理论分别提取廊道和节点,构建区域生态安全格局。研究结果表明：1）分别识别陆域和水域生境斑块面积34.31km²、272.50km²,为江南水乡空间存续和城市绿地空间选址提供了理论依据;2）水-陆耦合度评价得到源地41个,总面积206.79km²,占研究区总面积8.57%,呈现"西北多东南少"的格局;3）提取89条生态廊道和91个生态节点,生态廊道总长度586.35km,呈均匀网状分布,节点包括44个夹点及47个障碍点,主要位于吴江区。通过区域生态安全格局的构建与优先级评价,分级提出国土空间生态保护与修复建议,为我国其他快速城市化地区及都市圈周边区域的国土空间合理布局、土地利用的转化与管理提供参考。

Construction of ecological security pattern based on land-water coupling ecosystem services: a case study of Yangtze River Delta Ecological Greening Development Demonstration Area

In the context of rapid urbanization and land space planning, assessing regional ecosystem services and constructing ecological security patterns are effective methods to the urban smart protection and growth. Based on the supply efficiency of ecosystem services and muti-source data, this study took Yangtze River Delta Ecological Greening Development Demonstration Area as an example to classify a comprehensive evaluation system of water-land coupling ecosystem services into two aspects of aquatic and terrestrial. After that, we identified high supply areas as the ecological source areas, extracted corridors and nodes based on minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory for the regionally ecological security pattern. This paper obtained the following results:1) 34.31 km² and 272.5 0km² of land and water habitat patches were identified, respectively, which provided a theoretical basis for the spatial survival of Jiangnan waterside areas and the spatial selection of urban green space. 2) Forty-one sources were evaluated by water-land coupling degree with a total area of 206.79 km², accounting for 8.57% of the study area, whose pattern appeared as "more in the northwest than the southeast". 3) A total of 89 ecological corridors and 91 ecological nodes were extracted. The corridors had a total length of 586.35 km and a uniform network distribution, and the nodes included 44 pinch-points and 47 barriers, mainly located in Wujiang District. Through the construction and priority evaluation of the regionally ecological security pattern, the study offered suggestions for ecological protection and restoration proposed in a hierarchical manner, providing references for the rational layout of ecological space, transformation and management of land use in other rapidly urbanized areas and regions around metropolises in China.