海洋大型底栖动物对海岛开发的生态响应——以宁波大榭岛为例

以开发时间长,产业密集的国家海岛开发试点大榭岛为例分析、评价了海岛开发的潮间带和近岸海域大型底栖动物生态响应。通过对大榭岛岩礁相、泥沙相潮间带以及近岸海域大型底栖动物的物种组成、群落结构和数量分布的分析,同时与该岛周围开发程度较弱的几大海岛的类似生境中大型底栖动物状况进行比较。结果发现:(1)大榭岛岩相潮间带断面牡蛎科(Ostre idae)和藤壶科(Balan idae)等科的物种栖息密度较高,生物多样性较低;(2)泥沙相潮间带底栖动物状况与其他海岛差别不显著;(3)大榭岛近岸海域底栖动物种数少于其他海岛近岸海域,且前者不倒翁虫(Sternaspis scutata)和小头虫(Capitellacapitata)等多毛类物种栖息密度较高,生物多样性较低,群落结构与其他区域相差较大;(4)环境质量的生物评价结果显示,大榭岛近岸海域扰动程度高于其他海岛近岸海域。此外,从海岛开发的规划与功能定位、工程设计与施工工艺、相关人员意识形态三方面提出了一些保护和恢复海洋生物多样性的对策。

Ecological response of island exploitation in marine macrozoobenthos: take Daxie Island as an example

As a characteristic of a long time exploitation and industry cluster, Daxie Island has been studied in the ecological response of exploitation in macrozoobenthos. Comparing with similar biotope in other adjacent islands with lower exploitation, we have analyzed the species composition, community structure, and amount distribution of marine macrozoobenthos in different biotope (cay, tide flat and sea area) in Daxie Island. The result showed that: (1) There were a higher density of Ostreidae and Balanidae and a lower biodiversity in the cay sampling section of Daxie Island. (2) No significant difference was found in the macrozoobenthos community among the tide plat sampling section in Daxie Island. (3) There was a lower macrozoobenthos species number, biodiversity, and a higher density of Sternaspis scutata and Capitella capitata than those in the sea area beside Daxie Island. Moreover, a significant difference was found in the macrozoobenthos community between the sea area of Daxie Island and the adjacent islands. (4) The biologic assessment showed more serious disturbance presented in sea area beside Daxie Island. In additional, some solutions for conservation, recovery biotope, and biological diversity were put forward.