西部干旱区煤炭开采环境影响研究

大规模煤炭资源开采与干旱脆弱生态环境的空间耦合将会诱发日益严峻的社会、环境问题。分析了我国西部干旱区煤炭地下开采对植被、土壤水、地下水、土壤等关键环境要素影响的研究进展与不足;指出现有研究主要以单一环境要素、局部尺度为主,缺乏多尺度综合的环境要素协同损伤规律与井上下联动响应机理等基础研究。因此,现有成果还无法满足指导煤炭开采技术改进与控制环境损伤的需要。建议从井下到井上,从工作面、矿井、矿区、流域多尺度综合实现地空一体化同步监测,加强对西部干旱矿区各关键环境要素的协同损伤规律研究;加强对井上下环境要素对开采地质条件响应机理研究;建立不同开采条件、不同评价尺度下,矿区开采环境损伤的评价与预测模型。

Research progress on the environment impacts from underground coal mining in arid western area of China

It is more and more urgent that large scale coal mining is expanding in western area of China, where is of arid and fragile environment. The research progress of environment impacts on the key environmental elements, such as vegetation, soil moisture, underground water and soil from underground coal mining has been analyzed. The research deficiency is that the existing studies mostly focused on single environmental element within local scale without consideration of mining geology condition. The existing research results could not be applied to instruct the mining technology and reduce the environment impacts. Therefore, it is proposed to study the synergies disturbance between the key environmental elements under the influence of coal mining under multi-scales, e.g. working face, mining area, watershed etc. Furthermore, the response mechanism of the environment elements induced by different underground geological conditions has to be discovered, which is significant to develop the environment impact assessment and prediction model for optimizing the mining technology and protecting the arid fragile environment.