景感生态学在流域生态系统保护与修复实践中的应用——以大凌河流域北票段为例

生态系统保护与修复已成为我国生态文明建设的一项核心内容,自2016年以来,在全国24个省（自治区、直辖市）已开展了25个山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点工程。以大凌河流域北票段为研究区,探讨了景感生态学理论在山水林田湖草生态系统保护与修复实践中的应用。基于景感生态学理论,构建大凌河流域北票段生态系统保护与修复综合治理框架,以保持、改善和提升生态系统服务,实现可持续发展为目标,构建了"一中心、二重点、五要素、六工程"的生态系统保护与修复景感空间体系,并基于此将大凌河流域北票段生态系统保护与修复分为5个重要治理区域,形成"一带四区"的生态安全格局,提出了应用景感生态学理论,构建区域居民的共同行为规范,引导并实现人类对自然生态系统的有利影响,进一步提升生态系统保护与修复效果的对策建议。通过大凌河流域北票段的分析案例,以景感营造的理念开展区域生态系统保护与修复顶层设计,为促进区域可持续发展提供思路和途径。

Landsenses ecology theory application in ecological protection and restoration of watershed full-array ecosystems: a case study in Beipiao section, Daling River Basin

The ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems (mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands) is an important part of ecological civilization construction. Thus, under the organizations of related ministries, a total of 25 ecological protection and restoration pilot projects have been implemented across 24 provinces since 2016. This paper analyzes the application of landsenses ecology theory for ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems in the typical resource-exhausted city of Beipiao section, Daling River Basin. It also proposes the comprehensive management framework of ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems in Beipiao, Daling River Basin. With the goal of maintaining, improving and improving ecosystem services, the framework designed a four-dimensional guidance of "problem identification, system governance, natural restoration and landscape construction" for ecological protection and restoration. Aiming at the typical key problems of ecological environment, such as a large number of industrial and mining wasteland, serious soil and water loss, water environment pollution and backward environmental infrastructure of villages and towns, the framework carry out the systematic management of full-array ecosystems with the watershed as the unit. In order to reduce the amount of project and capital investment, the method of "rewilding" is emphasized in the area dominated by natural ecosystem. In order to promote the effect of ecological protection and restoration, the theory and method of landsenses ecology are applied in the area where human activities are concentrated. The implementation path of the framework includes ecological security, ecological health and ecological well-being. Through the application of the meliorization model, the contents of ecological protection and restoration within the framework are constantly adjusted and optimized to achieve regional sustainable development. Aiming at maintaining and improving the important ecosystem services needed for sustainable development, the paper constructs the landsense creation system for ecological protection and restoration, as "one core, two key points, five elements and six projects". The study area is divided five main protection and restoration areas, which forms an ecological security pattern as "one belt and four districts". Finally, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions including:to construct the common behavior norms of regional residents, to guide and realize the beneficial impact of human beings on the natural ecosystem, and to further improve the effect of ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems. Through the case study of Beipiao, Daling River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of full-array ecosystems is carried out based on the concept of landsense creation, which provides ideas and ways to promote regional sustainable development.